Daoist sages’ laughter: philosophical humor in the Zhuangzi from the perspective of humor theory

Abstract

This research uses humor theory to examine Zhuangzian philosophy and propose a hybrid theory of relief through incongruity to address the philosophical humor embedded within Daoism. Based on theories of humor and the works of Amir, Ziporyn, Moeller, and D’Ambrosio, I argue that philosophical humor in the Zhuangzi possesses a therapeutic dimension in response to rigid expectations of the Confucian social order, wherein each individual is compelled to fulfill their prescribed role.

Daoism’s peculiar and ingenious alternative, grounded in incoherence, is embodied in the literary figures and fantastic narratives of the Zhuangzi. Philosophical humor, in its therapeutic function for a well-lived life, manifests in the attitude of sagely fools, whose light and detached equanimity mocks and deconstructs the social expectations imposed upon us. Viewed through the lens of humor theory, Zhuangzian philosophy employs laughter to reveal the mutability of reality and to suggest that letting go is the most effective way to navigate life.