Keywords
ríos altoandinos
pupas
exuvias pupales
deriva
Chironomidae
high Andean streams
pupae
pupal exuviae
drift
How to Cite
Abstract
The Chironomidae is a cosmopolitan family of Nematoceran flies with more than 20 000 species described. However the diversity of genera and species of the family in the Andean region beyond the 2 000m.a.s.l are scarcely known. We conducted faunal surveys and biomonitoring research in different streams of Colombia, Ecuador and Peru from May 2005 to October 2011. Based on specimens collections, and a taxonomic key was developed to identify pupae and pupal exuviae of 46 genera of midges (Diptera, Chironomidae) collected from streams at high altitude areas on the Andean tropical mountains. We included illustrations and brief taxonomic descriptions for all genera, of which several ones have not yet been formally described; in this latter case we used the nomenclature of Roback & Coffman (1983). For two genera, Cricotopus and Genus 1, keys to the most common morphospecies were provided. Results showed that in this area the chironomid assemblages are dominated by the members of the subfamily Orthocladiinae (22 genera) followed by the Chironominae (13). Six genera of Tanypodinae were identified, while only three and two genera were present from subfamilies Podonominae and Diamesinae. This key may be very useful for both studies about drift in streams, and for biomonitoring purposes.
References
Acosta, R. (2009). Estudio de la cuenca altoandina del río Cañete (Perú). (Tesis de Doctorado). Universidad de Barcelona, España. Recuperado de www.ub.edu/riosandes/docs/TESIS_RAUL_ACOSTA.pdf
Acosta, R. & Prat, N. (2010). Chironomid assemblages in high altitude streams of the Andean region of Peru. Fundamental and Applied Limnology, 177(1), 57-79.
Brundin, L. (1966). Transantarctic relationships and their significance, as evidenced by Chironomid midges, with a monograph of the subfamilies Podonominae and Aphroteniinae and the austral Heptagyidae. Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 1, 1-472.
Coffman, W. P. (1986). The pupae of Chironomidae (Diptera) of the Holartic region. Key to subfamilies. In T. Wiederholm (Ed.), Chironomidae of the Holartic region: Key and diagnoses. Part 2. Pupae (pp. 9-12). Entomological Scandinavica.
Cranston, P. S. (2000). The electronic guide of Chironomidae of Australia. Retrieved from http://apes.skullisland.info/node/3
Cranston P. S., Hardy, N. B., Morse, G. E, Pusledik, L., & McCluen, S. R. (2010). When molecules and morphology concur: the “Gondwanan” midges (Diptera: Chironomidae). Systematic Ecology, 35, 635-648.
Cranston, P. & Krosch, M. (2011). Barbadocladius Cranston & Krosch, a new genus of Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) from South America. Neotropical Entomology, 40(5), 560-567.
García, P. & Añón-Suárez, D. (2007). Community structure and phenology of chironomids (Insecta Chironomidae) in a Patagonina Andean Stream. Limnologica, 37, 109-117.
Jacobsen, D. (2008). Tropical High-Altitude Streams. In D. Dudgeon (Ed.), Tropical stream ecology (pp. 219-256). London, UK: Elsevier Science.
Krosh, M. N., Baker, A. M. P., & Cranston, P. (2011). Systematics and biogeography of the Gondwanan Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 59(2), 458-468.
Kuhn, J., Andino, P., Calvez, R., Espinosa, R., Hamerlik, L., Vie, S., Dangles, O., & Jacobsen, D. (2011). Spatial variability in macroinvertebrate assemblages along and among neighbouring equatorial glacier-fed streams. Freshwater Biology, 56(1), 2226-2244.
Lencioni, V., Marziali, L., & Rossaro, B. 2011. Diversity and distribution of chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) in Alpine and pre-Alpine springs (Northern Italy). Journal of Limnology, 70 (Supp. 1), 106-121.
Medina, A., Scheibler, E. E., & Paggi, A. C. (2008). Distribución de Chironomide (Diptera) en dos sistemas fluviales ritrónicos (Andino-serrano) de Argentina. Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica de Argentina, 67(1-2), 69-79.
Ospina-Torres, R., Riss, W., & Ruiz-Moreno, J. L. (1999). Guía para la identificación genérica de larvas de quironómidos (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae) de la sabana de Bogotá. In G. Amat-García, G. Andrade, & F. Fernández (Eds.), Insectos de Colombia Vol. II (pp. 363-384). Bogotá: Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales.
Paggi, A. (2009). Diptera. Chironomidae. In E. Domínguez & H. R. Fernández (Eds.), Macroinvertebrados bentónicos sudamericanos. Sistemática y Biología (pp. 383-409). Tucumán: Fundación Miguel Lillo.
Pinder, L. C. V. & Reiss, F. (1986). The pupae of Chironomidae (Diptera) of the Holartic region. Introduction. In T. Wiederholm (Ed.), Chironomidae of the Holartic region: Key and diagnoses. Part 2. Pupae (pp. 5-7). Entomological Scandinavica, (Supp. 28).
Prat, N., Acosta, R., Villamarín, C., & Rieradevall, M. (2011). Guía para el reconocimiento de las larvas de Chironomidae (Diptera) de los ríos altoandinos de Ecuador y Perú. Recuperado de: http://www.ub.edu/riosandes/index.php/guiachiros.html
Prat, N., Ribera, C., Rieradevall, M., Villamarin, C., & Acosta, R. (2013). Distribution, abundance and molecular analysis of Barbadocladius Cranston & Krosch (Diptera, Chironomidae) in tropical, high altitude Andean streams and rivers. Neotropical Entomology, 42, 607-617.
Roback, S. S. (1970). Podonominae of Ecuador, with Notes on the Sense Organ and Pupal Respiratory Organs (Diptera, Chironomidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, LXXVIII, 148-169.
Roback, S. S. & Coffman, W. P. (1983). Results of the Catherwood Bolivian-Peruvian Altiplano Expedition. Part II. Aquatic Diptera including montane Diamesinae and Orthocladiinae (Chironomidae) from Venezuela. Proceedings of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 135, 9-79.
Ruiz-Moreno, J. L., Ospina-Torres, R., & Riss, W. (2000a). Guía para la identificación genérica de larvas de Quironómidos (Diptera Chironomidae) de la sabana de Bogotá. II Subfamilia Chironominae. Caldasia, 22(1), 15-33
Ruiz-Moreno, J. L., Ospina-Torres, R., Gomez-Sierra, H., & Riss, W. (2000b). Guía para la identificación genérica de larvas de Quironómidos (Diptera Chironomidae) de la sabana de Bogotá. III subfamilias Tanypodinae, Podonominae y Diamesinae. Caldasia, 22(1), 34-60.
Saether, O. & Cranston, P. S. (2012). Neotropical Stictocladius Edwards (Diptera: Chironomidae). Neotropical Entomology, 41, 124-149.
Spies, M. & Reiss, F. (1996). Catalog and bibliography of Neotropical and Mexican Chrionomidae. Spixiana, (Suppl. 22), 61-119.
Tejerina, E. G. & Molineri, C. (2007). Comuniddes de Chironomidae (Diptera) en arroyoos de montaña del NOA: comparación entre Yungas y Monte. Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica de Argentina, 66(3), 169-177.
Tejerina, E. G. & Paggi, A. C. (2009). A new neotropical species of Oliveiriella Wiedenburg & Fittkau (Diptera, Chironomidae) from Argentina, with description of all life stages. Aquatic Insects, 31(2), 91-98.
Tejerina, E. G. & Malizia, A. (2012). Chironomidae (Diptera) larvae assemblages differ along an altitudinal gradient and temporal periods in a subtropical montane stream in Nortwest Argentina. Hydrobiologia, 686, 41-54.
Trivino-Strixino, S., Roque, F. O., & Cranston, P. (2009). Redescription of Riethia trucatocaudata (Edwards, 1931) (Diptera: chironomidae), with description of female, pupa and larva and generis diagnosis for Riethia. Aquatic Insects, 31(4), 247-259.
Villamarín, C. (2012). Estructura y composición de las comunidades de macroinvertebvrados acuáticos en ríos altoandinos de Ecuador y Perú. Diseño de un sistema de medida de la calidad del agua con índices multimétricos (Tesis de Doctorado). Universidad de Barcelona, España. Recuperado de http://www.tdx.cat/handle/10803/83923
Villamarin, C., Rieradevall, M., Paul, M. J., Barbour, M. T., & Prat, N. (2013) A tool to assess the ecological condition of tropical high Andean streams in Ecuador and Peru: The IMEERA index. Ecological Indicators, 29, 79-92.
Weigend, M., Gottschling, M., Hilger, H. H., & Nück, N. M. (2010). Five new species of Lithospermum L. (Boraginaceae tribe Lithospermeae) in Andean South America: Another radiarion in the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone. Taxon, 59(4), 1161-1179.
Wiedenbrug, S. & Fittkau, E. J. (1997). Oliveiriella almeidai (Oliveira, 1946), gen nov, comb. Nov, from South America with description of the pupae. Spixiana, 20(2), 167-172.
Wiedenburg, S. & Ospina-Torres, R. (2005). A key to pupal exuviae of Neotropical Tanytarsinii (Diptera, Chironomidae). Amazoniana, XVIII(3/4), 17-317.
Wiedenbrug, S. & Trivino-Strixino, S. (2009). Ubatubaneura, a new genus of the Corynoneura group (Diptera Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa, 1993, 41-52.
Wiedenbrug, S., Mendes, H. F., Pepinelli, M., & Trivino-Strixino, S. (2009). Review of the genus Onconeura Anderson & Saether (Diptera: Chironomidae), with the description of four new species from Brazil. Zootaxa, 2265, 1-26.
Wiedenbrug, S. & Trivino-Strixino, S. (2011). New species of the genus Corynoneura Winnertz (Diptera, Chironomidae) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 2822, 1-40.
Wiederholm, T. (Ed). (1986). Chironomidae of the Holarctic Region. Keys and diagnoses. Part. 2 Pupae. Entomologica Scandinavica, (Suppl. 28), 482.
Comments
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2014 Revista de Biología Tropical