Keywords
Protección radiológica; Rayos x; Portátil; Portable; Radiografía dental; Diagnóstico por imagen.
How to Cite
Abstract
In the last two decades, the use of portable intraoral X-ray devices, stabilized by the operator, has increased. While all radiographic devices present an inherent risk from ionizing radiation, improper use of portable devices can increase operator exposure. Use of portable devices on a tripod or powered from a protected area is recommended. However, in highly justified cases, for using without these accessories, recommendations should be followed to reduce operator exposure. Because radioprotection is essential when using X-rays, fixed dental radiographic devices should be favored over portable equipment since the first provides a lower radiation dose to the operator.
References
Pauwels, R. History of dental radiography: Evolution of 2D and 3D imaging modalities. Med Phys Int. 2020; 8: 253-77.
Truly portable X-ray unit. Br Dent J. 2011; 211 (11): 542-542.
ICRP. Radiological Protection in Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). ICRP Publication 129. Ann ICRP. 2015; 44 (1): 9-127.
ICRP. The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP publication 103. Ann ICRP. 2007; 37 (2-4): 1-332.
European Commission. Radiation Protection 172. Cone beam CT for dental and maxillofacial radiology. Evidence-based guidelines. Luxembourg City, Luxembourg: European Commission Directorate for Energy; 2012. Available from: http://www.sedentexct.eu/files/radiation_protection_172.pdf
ICRP. Ethical Foundations of the System of Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 138. Ann ICRP. 2018; 47 (1): 1-65.
Barba-Ramírez L., Ruiz-García de Chacón V., Hidalgo-Rivas A. El uso de rayos X en odontología y la importancia de la justificación de exámenes radiográficos. Av En Odontoestomatol. 2020; 36 (3): 131-42.
Van Dis M.L., Miles D.A., Parks E.T., Razmus T.F. Information yield from a hand-held dental x-ray unit. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1993; 76 (3): 381-5.
Coy J. Hand-held dental X-ray (HDX) with medical collimator: use in casualty radiology. Mil Med. 1996; 161 (7): 428-31.
Seiler R., Eppenberger P., Rühli F. Application of portable digital radiography for dental investigations of ancient Egyptian mummies during archaeological excavations: Evaluation and discussion of the advantages and limitations of different approaches and projections. Imaging Sci Dent. 2018; 48 (3): 167-76.
Hosseini Pooya S.M., Hafezi L., Manafi F., Talaeipour A.R. Assessment of the radiological safety of a Genoray portable dental X-ray unit. Dento Maxillo Facial Radiol. 2015; 44 (3): 20140255.
Smith R., Tremblay R., Wardlaw G.M. Evaluation of stray radiation to the operator for five hand-held dental X-ray devices. Dento Maxillo Facial Radiol. 2019; 48 (5): 20180301.
Zenóbio E.G., Zenóbio M.A., Azevedo C.D., Nogueira M. do S., Almeida C.D., Manzi F.R. Assessment of image quality and exposure parameters of an intraoral portable X-rays device. Dento Maxillo Facial Radiol. 2019; 48 (3): 20180329.
Potrakhov N.N., Potrakhov YuN. Portable X-Ray Diagnostic Devices for Dentistry. Biomed Eng. 2017; 50 (6): 406-9.
Gulson, A.D. H J.R. Hand-held dental X-ray equipment: guidance on safe use. 2016. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hand-held-dental-x-ray-equipment-guidance-on-safe-use.
Haiter F.N. K.L., Campos P.S.F. Diagnóstico por Imagem em Odontologia. Napoleão Quintessence; 2019.
Rottke D., Gohlke L., Schrödel R., Hassfeld S., Schulze D. Operator safety during the acquisition of intraoral images with a handheld and portable X-ray device. Dento Maxillo Facial Radiol. 2018; 47 (3).
Berkhout W.E.R., Suomalainen A., Brüllmann D., Jacobs R., Horner K., Stamatakis H.C. Justification and good practice in using handheld portable dental X-ray equipment: a position paper prepared by the European Academy of DentoMaxilloFacial Radiology (EADMFR). Dento Maxillo Facial Radiol. 2015; 44 (6): 20140343.
Pittayapat P., Thevissen P., Fieuws S., Jacobs R., Willems G. Forensic oral imaging quality of hand-held dental X-ray devices: comparison of two image receptors and two devices. Forensic Sci Int. 2010; 194 (1-3): 20-7.
Nitschke J., Schorn L., Holtmann H., Zeller U., Handschel J., Sonntag D., et al. Image quality of a portable X-ray device (Nomad Pro 2) compared to a wall-mounted device in intraoral radiography. Oral Radiol. 2020; doi:10.1007/s11282-020-00434-1
Kim E-K. Effect of the amount of battery charge on tube voltage in different hand-held dental x-ray systems. Imaging Sci Dent. 2012; 42 (1): 1-4.
Hoogeveen R.C., Meertens B.R., Berkhout W.E.R. Precision of aiming with a portable X-ray device (Nomad Pro 2) compared to a wall-mounted device in intraoral radiography. Dento Maxillo Facial Radiol. 2019; 48 (5).
White S.C., Pharoah M.J., editors. Oral radiology: principles and interpretation. Edition 7. St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier; 2014.
Tsapaki V. Radiation protection in dental radiology - Recent advances and future directions. Phys Medica. 2017; 44: 222-6.
Hedesiu M., Marcu M., Salmon B., Pauwels R., Oenning A.C., Almasan O., et al. Irradiation provided by dental radiological procedures in a pediatric population. Eur J Radiol. 2018; 103: 112-7.
Oenning A.C., Jacobs R., Pauwels R., Stratis A., Hedesiu M., Salmon B., et al. Cone-beam CT in paediatric dentistry: DIMITRA project position statement. Pediatr Radiol. 2018; 48 (3): 308-16.
Makdissi J., Pawar R.R., Johnson B., Chong B.S. The effects of device position on the operator’s radiation dose when using a handheld portable X-ray device. Dento Maxillo Facial Radiol. 2016; 45 (3).
Cho J.-Y., Han W.-J.. The reduction methods of operator’s radiation dose for portable dental X-ray machines. Restor Dent Endod. 2012; 37 (3): 160-4.
HERCA W.G. Medical Applications. HERCA Position paper on use of handheld portable dental x-ray equipment. 2014. Available from: https://www.herca.org/herca_news.asp?newsID=35
Goren A.D., Bonvento M., Biernacki J., Colosi D.C. Radiation exposure with the NOMAD portable X-ray system. Dento Maxillo Facial Radiol. 2008; 37 (2): 109-12.
McGiff T.J., Danforth R.A., Herschaft EE. Maintaining radiation exposures as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) for dental personnel operating portable hand-held x-ray equipment. Health Phys. 2012; 103 (2 Suppl 2): S179-185.