Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis: a review of the disease in Penaeus vannamei
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/ma.v28i3.27788Keywords:
citopatología, enfermedades bacterianas, camarón de cultivo.Abstract
A nivel global, la producción acuícola de camarón ha tenido de forma recurrente la presencia de diversas enfermedades infecciosas, las cuales han ocasionado grandes pérdidas económicas, afectando la estabilidad de la industria. El objetivo de la presente revisión fue realizar una actualización sobre los descubrimientos asociados a la necrosis aguda del hepatopáncreas (AHPND), que permitan el incremento del conocimiento entre los sectores productivos, investigativos y oficiales de la región latinoamericana. Se exponen aspectos de su origen, desde el primer reporte en China, hasta su aparición en años posteriores en Latinoamérica, su etiología, signología clínica, citopatología e impacto en los cultivos. La necrosis aguda del hepatopáncreas se caracteriza por presentar tres etapas de desarrollo, denominadas aguda, intermedia y terminal, las cuales son identificables durante el transcurso de la infección. A nivel histopatológico se pueden observar desprendimientos celulares en hepatopáncreas, edematización, túbulos necróticos e infiltraciones hemocíticas generalizadas. Se describen además las características del plásmido que le confiere patogenicidad, y las diferentes técnicas de diagnóstico, como la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, la tecnología LAMP y las sondas TaqMan. Se enfatiza en los esfuerzos por optimizar las técnicas de diagnóstico y control de la enfermedad, los cuales posiblemente requerirán de la aplicación de medidas integrales de manejo, buenas prácticas acuícolas y sistemas de bioseguridad eficaces en las fincas productivas dedicadas al cultivo de camarón.
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