Varroasis and nosemosis in Apis mellifera hives in the municipality of Tomalá, Honduras
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/am.2024.55297Keywords:
infestation, Africanized bee, animal health, mite, Central AmericaAbstract
Introduction. Beekeeping in Honduras is an important activity for the livestock sector, threatened by the presence of pests and diseases that affect the development and production of hives. Objective. To determine the parasitic load of Varroa destructor and Vairimorpha (Nosema) spp associated with hygienic behavior, productivity, and presence of other pests in Apis mellifera hives in the municipality of Tomalá, department of Lempira, Honduras. Materials and methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 57 samples of hives from 19 apiaries, analyzed with the screening method to determine the infestation rate of Varroa destructor. To find the average infection rate of Vairimorpha spp spores, the Cantwell method was used. In addition, the association between parasite loads and variables such as yield, use of chemical control, hygienic behavior, and presence of other pests was determined, through a stratified analysis according to the history of the use or not of treatment against Varroa spp. Data were analyzed using measures of central tendency and the Shapiro Wilk test. The determination of associations was performed by means of no parametric Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests. Results. The infestation rate for V. destructor in the dispersion and larval phases were 3.48 % and 6.82 % respectively, the history of applying chemical treatment did not show an association with the infestation rate of V. destructor in larvae or in adults (p≥0.05), the presence of the small hive beetles (SHBs) was associated with a greater infestation of V. destructor in larvae (p˂0.007) in hives that had not received treatment. The range of infection of Vairimorpha spp was found within the very light classification with 50,000.00 (IC 50,000.00-260,000.00) spores per sample, the load of Vairimorpha spp did not show an association with the variables (p≥0.05). Conclusion. The results suggest that varroasis is an important disease for in the municipality of Tomalá, department of Lempira, Honduras, associated with hygienic behavior and the presence of SHBs in the hives. butNosemosis presented a very light infection.
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