Efecto de Bacillus spp. como bioestimulante de microvegetales de Brassica oleracea var. capitata y Brassica oleracea var. sabellica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/am.2025.61996Palabras clave:
bioestimulantes, brásicas, microvegetales, rendimientoResumen
Introducción. El género Bacillus se ha empleado como bioestimulante con efectos positivos sobre el rendimiento y la calidad de los cultivos. Sin embargo, existen pocos estudios sobre su aplicación en microvegetales. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de Bacillus subtilis (BsC4 y BsPC) y B. thuringiensis (Bt24) como bioestimulantes de la germinación y desarrollo de microvegetales de col morada (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) y kale (B. oleracea var. sabellica) en condiciones controladas. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó en la Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, México, durante 2023. Se evaluaron cuatro tratamientos: Bt24, BsC4, BsPC y plántulas sin microorganismos (control) en semillas de col morada y kale, bajo un diseño completamente al azar (n = 5). En un primer ensayo se monitorizó la germinación y en un segundo el desarrollo de los microvegetales, después de 15 días se midieron variables morfológicas, pigmentos fotosintéticos, contenido de nitratos, calidad y rendimiento. Los datos se analizaron con Análisis de Varianzas (ANDEVA) y pruebas de Tukey (p < 0,05). Resultados. Para kale, Bt24 mejoró la velocidad de germinación (31,17 %) y redujo el tiempo de germinación (4,61 %), sin efecto significativo en col morada. En kale, el rendimiento aumentó (62,60 %) con Bt24 , destacando biomasa fresca (63,30 %) y área cotiledonar (61,57 %). En col morada, BsC4 incrementó el rendimiento (44,31 %), además de mejorar biomasa fresca (42,21 %) y área cotiledonar (50,57 % ). El contenido de nitratos fue más elevado en kale con BsPC (138,30 %) y en col morada con Bt24 (65,14 %), sin exceder límites seguros. En calidad visual, ambos cultivos alcanzaron categorías “Bueno” y “Excelente”, sin diferencias entre tratamientos. Conclusiones. Estos resultados sugieren que B. thuringiensis y B. subtillis podrían emplearse como bioestimulantes del crecimiento de microvegetales de col morada y kale como herramienta prometedora para optimizar su producción en condiciones controladas.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Aldo Gutiérrez-Chávez, Angélica Anahí Acebedo-Barrera, Rosa María Yañez-Muñoz, Jared Hernandez Huerta
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