Keywords
sport
successful aging
self-care
actividad física
deporte
envejecimiento exitoso
autocuidado
How to Cite
Abstract
High-intensity physical activity and sports properly performed can be sources of health benefits for older people. However, the socioemotional aspects of training needs to be investigated because it may be overly focused on improving execution and performance, especially in older people who compete. In the present investigation, we intend to observe the possible contributions of the practice of high-intensity physical activity and sports to successful aging. For this purpose, a cross-sectional observational study with incidental sampling of N=120 Spanish elderly (aged 60 years or older) was carried out. The level of intensity of physical activity was measured and scores on the different dimensions of successful aging and related variables were observed, there was the fact that people who practiced high intensity physical activity had a higher level of physical self-care. Thus, new evidence was provided that the performance of intense physical activity and sports during aging may contribute to the self-care of the older people, and this may help to have a more successful aging. Finally, it was suggested that training older people with intense physical activity and sports should focus on promoting aspects such as self-care and socialization.
References
Almeida, O. P., Khan, K. M., Hankey, G. J. Yeap, B. B., Golledge, J. y Flicker, L. (2014). 150 minutes of vigorous physical activity per week predicts survival and successful ageing: a population-based 11-year longitudinal study of 12 201 older Australian men. Sports Med, 48(3), 220-225. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-092814
Baker, J., Fraser-Thomas, J., Dionig, R. A. & Horton, S. (2010). Sport participation and positive development in older persons. European Group for Research into Elderly and Physical Activity, 7, 3-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11556-009-0054-9
Baltes, P. B. & Baltes, M. M. (1990). Psychological perspectives on successful aging: The model of selective optimization with compensation. Successful aging: Perspectives from the behavioral sciences. En P. B. Baltes & M. M. Baltes (Eds.), Successful aging: Perspectives from the behavioral sciences (pp. 397-433). Cambridge University Press.
Bellón J. A., Delgado, A., Luna, J. & Lardelli, P. (1996). Validez y fiabilidad del cuestionario de apoyo social funcional Duke-UNC-11. Atención Primaria, 18(4), 153-63.
Broadhead, W. E., Gehlbach, S. H., Degruy, F. V. & Kaplan, B. H. (1988). The Duke-UNK functional social support questionnaire: measurement of social support in family medicine patients. Med Care, 26(7), 709-23. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-198807000-00006
Brown, W., Bauman, A., Bull, F. & Burton, N. (2012). Development of Evidence-based Physical Activity Recommendations for Adults (18-64 years). Report prepared for the Australian Government Department of Health. http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/health-pubhlth-strateg-phys-act-guidelines
Campos-García, A., Oliver, A., Tomás, J. M., Galiana, L. & Gutiérrez, M. (2018). Autocuidado: nueva evidencia sobre su medida en adultos mayores. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 53(6), 326-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regg.2018.01.010
Chen, N., Zhang, J. & Wang, Z. (2023). Effects of middle-aged and elderly people's self-efficacy on health promotion behaviors: Mediating effects of sports participation. Frontiers in psychology, 13, 889063. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.889063
Craig, C. L., Marshall, A. L., Sjöström, M., Bauman, A. E., Booth, M. L., Ainsworth, B. E., Pratt, M., Ekelund, U., Yngve, A., Sallis, J. F. & Oja, P. (2003). International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 35(8), 1381-1395. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB
Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los Estados Unidos. (2018). Physical activity guidelines for Americans, 2nd edition. https://health.gov/paguidelines
Dionigi, R. A. (2003). Resistance and Empowerment through Leisure: The Meaning of Competitive Sport Participation to Older Adults. Loisir et Société, Society and Leisure, 25(2), 303-328. https://doi.org/10.1080/07053436.2002.10707591
Dionigi, R. A. (2006). Competitive Sport as Leisure in Later Life: Negotiations, Discourse, and Aging. Leisure Sciences, 28(2), 181-196. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400500484081
Dionigi, R. A., Horton, S. & Baker, J. (2013). Negotiations of the ageing process: older adults' stories of sports participation. Sport, Education and Society, 18(3), 370-387. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2011.589832
Eman, J. (2012). The role of sports in making sense of the process of growing old. Journal of Aging Studies, 26(4), 467-475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2012.06.006
Fernández-Ballesteros, R. (2009). Envejecimiento activo. Contribuciones de la Psicología. Pirámide.
Fisher, B. J. & Spetch, D. K. (1999). Successful aging and creativity in later life. Journal of Aging Studies, 13(4), 457-472. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0890-4065(99)00021-3
Flood, M. (2002). Successful aging: A concept analysis. Journal of Theory Construction and Testing, 6(2), 105-108.
Freund, A. M. & Baltes, P. B. (2007). Toward a theory of successful aging: Selection, optimization, and compensation. In R. Fernández-Ballesteros (Ed.), Geropsychology. European perspectives for an aging world (pp. 239-254). Hogrefe.
Freund, A. M. (2008). Successful Aging as Management of Resources: The Role of Selection, Optimization, and Compensation. Research in Human Development, 5(2), 94-106. http://doi.org/10.1080/15427600802034827
Fundación Española del Corazón. (2024). Beneficios de la práctica deportiva para mayores. https://fundaciondelcorazon.com/ejercicio/79-para-mayores/987-beneficios-de-la-practica-deportiva-para-mayores.html
García, A. J. & Froment, F. (2018). Beneficios de la actividad física sobre la autoestima y la calidad de vida de personas mayores. Retos, 33, 1988-2041. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i33.50969
Gebel, K., Ding, D., Chey, T., Stamatakis, E., Brown, W. J. & Bauman, A. E. (2015). Effect of moderate to vigorous physical activity on all-cause mortality in middle-aged and older australians. JAMA Internal Medicine, 175, 970. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.0541
Grant, B. V. (2001). `You're never too old' : beliefs about physical activity and playing sport in later life. Ageing and Society, 21(6), 777-798. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X01008492
Grant, B. V. (2001). ‘You're never too old’: beliefs about physical activity and playing sport in later life. Ageing and Society, 21(6), 777-798. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X01008492
Gutiérrez, M., Tomás, J. M. & Calatayud, P. (2018a). Contributions of Psychosocial Factors and Physical Activity to Successful Aging. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 21, e26, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2018.27
Gutiérrez, M., Tomás, J. M. & Calatayud, P. (2018b). Motives to practice exercise in old age and successful aging: A latent class Analysis. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 77, 44-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2018.04.003
Hosking, D., Maccora, J., Ee, N. & McCallum, J. (2020). Just doing it!? Older Australians’ Physical Activity. Canberra: National Seniors.
Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Hawkley, L. C. & Cacioppo, J. T. (2004). A short scale for measuring loneliness in large surveys: Results from two population-based studies. Research on Aging, 26(6), 655-672. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027504268574
Kim, S. E., Bae, J. S., Seo, E. C., So, W. Y. & Sim, Y. K. (2024). Successful Aging of Korean Older Adults Engaging in Sports Regularly: Health Beliefs, Exercise Adherence Intention, and Health Promotion Behavior. Healthcare, 12(9), 890. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12090890
López-Gómez, I., Hervás, G. & Vázquez, C. (2015). Adaptación de la “escala de afecto positivo y negativo” (PANAS) en una muestra general española. Behavioral Psychology, 23(3), 529-548.
Organización Mundial de la Salud (2002). Active Aging. A Policy Framework. World Health Organization.https://extranet.who.int/agefriendlyworld/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/WHO-Active-Ageing-Framework.pdf
Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2018). Physical activity for health: more active people for a healthier world: draft global action plan on physical activity 2018-2030. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/276417
Pinheiro, M. B., Oliveira, J. S., Baldwin, J. N., Hassett, L., Costa, N., Gilchrist, H., Wang, B., Kwok, W, Albuquerque, B. S., Pivotto, L. R., Carvalho-Silva, A. P. M. C., Sharma, S., Gilbert, S., Bauman, A., Bull, F. C., Willumsen, J., Sherrington, C. & Tiedemann, A. (2022). Impact of physical activity programs and services for older adults: a rapid review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act., 19(1), 87. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-022-01318-9
Pollock, M. L., Foster, C., Knapp, D., Rod, J. L. & Schmidt, D. H. (1987). Effect of age and training on aerobic capacity and body composition of master athletes. J Appl Physiol, 62(2), 725–731. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.62.2.725
Rowe, J. W. & Kahn, R. L. (1987). “Human aging: usual and successful”. Science, 237(4811) 143-149. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3299702
Rowe, J. W. & Kahn, R. L. (1997). Successful aging. The Gerontologist, 37(4), 433-440. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/37.4.433
Rowe, J. W. & Kahn, R. L. (1998). Successful aging. Pantheon.
Russell, D., Peplau, L. A. & Cutrona, C. E. (1980). “The Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: Concurrent and Discriminant Validity Evidence.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(3), 472-80. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.39.3.472
Tomás, J. M., Galiana, L. & Fernández, I. (2018). The SF–8 Spanish Version for Health-Related Quality of Life Assessment: Psychometric Study with IRT and CFA Models. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 21, e1, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2018.4
Torstam, L. (1997). Gerotranscendence: The contemplative dimension of aging. Journal of Aging Studies, 11(2),143-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0890-4065(97)90018-9
Troutman, M., Nies, M., Small, S. & Bates, A. (2011). The development and testing of an instrument to measure successful aging. Research in Gerontological Nursing, 4(3), 221-232. https://doi.org/10.3928/19404921-20110106-02
Ware, J. E. Jr., Snow, K. K., Kosinski, M. & Gandek, B. (1993). SF-36 Health Survey manual and interpretation guide. New England Medical Center, The Health Institute. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/John-Ware-6/publication/313050850_SF-36_Health_Survey_Manual_Interpretation_Guide/links/594a5b83aca2723195de5c3d/SF-36-Health-Survey-Manual-Interpretation-Guide.pdf
Watson, D., Clark, L. A. & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
Webb, E., Stratas, A. & Scarlis, G. (2017). “I am not too old to play”: The Past, Present and Future of 50 and Over Organized Sport Leagues. Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research, 74(12), 12-18. https://doi.org/10.1515/pcssr-2017-0011
Willis, E. A., Herrmann, S. D., Hastert, M., Kracht, C. L., Barreira, T. V., Schuna, J. M. Jr., Cai, Z., Quan, M., Conger S. A., Brown, W. J. & Ainsworth, B. E. (2024). Older Adult Compendium of Physical Activities: Energy costs of human activities in adults aged 60 and older. J Sport Health Sci., 13(1), 13-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2023.10.007
Wong, P. T. P. (2000). Meaning of life and meaning of death in successful aging. In A Tomer (ed.), Death attitudes and the older adult. Bruner Mazel.
##plugins.facebook.comentarios##
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 Annals in Gerontology