Identification of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. in a Community on the Amazon Riviera: a Cross-Sectional Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/mg02sz23Keywords:
Oral microbiome; Dental caries; Streptococcus mutans; Lactobacillus spp.; Peruvian Amazon.Abstract
Dental caries is a chronic and infectious disease of high global prevalence, particularly affecting vulnerable populations such as riverine communities in the Peruvian Amazon. Its etiology is associated with an imbalance in the oral microbiome, where Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. play a key role. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of these bacteria and their association with the DMFT index, salivary pH, and sociodemographic variables. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 65 adults aged 18 to 65 years from Amazon River communities, evaluated through the Medical Program Esperanza Amazónica – Vine Trust. Sociodemographic data were collected, the DMFT index was calculated, and saliva samples were analyzed to identify S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp. using selective culture media. Salivary pH was measured digitally. Non-parametric statistical tests (Chi-square and Spearman) were applied, with a significance level set at p<0.05. Lactobacillus spp. was detected in 63.1% of participants and S. mutans in 24.6%. A significant positive correlation was found between both bacteria and the DMFT index (S. mutans: rho=0.638; Lactobacillus spp.: rho=0.484; p<0.001). Coinfection was associated with a significantly higher DMFT score (p=0.03). Although no significant correlations were found with salivary pH or sex, a trend toward greater bacterial colonization was observed in women and in more acidic environments. The presence of S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp. was associated with greater caries severity, with coinfection representing a potential additional risk factor. These findings highlight the need for targeted preventive interventions in Amazonian communities.
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