Validez estructural inicial y consistencia interna de la escala EMCAC-SBE para salud bucal en escolares andinos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/vtfs8p83Palabras clave:
Bilingüismo; Características culturales; Caries dental; Conocimientos; Actitudes y prácticas en salud; Estudiantes; Población rural; Salud bucal.Resumen
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo aportar evidencia psicométrica inicial de validez estructural y consistencia interna de la Escala de Medición de Conocimientos, Actitudes y Comportamientos en Salud Bucal en Escolares (EMCAC-SBE), desarrollada en español para escolares andinos bilingües. Tras una prueba piloto con 30 estudiantes, la escala fue aplicada a 227 escolares de entre 8 y 12 años. Los índices de validez de contenido indicaron un alto nivel de concordancia entre los expertos, con valores de I-CVI por ítem entre 0,89 y 1,00 y intervalos de confianza del coeficiente V de Aiken entre 0,80 y 1,00. A nivel de la escala, el I-CVI promedio fue de 0,9925 y el V de Aiken alcanzó un valor de 0,966 (IC 95%: 0,915-1,00). Los análisis factoriales exploratorio y confirmatorio respaldaron la estructura unidimensional de cada dimensión de la escala, con índices de ajuste satisfactorios. La consistencia interna fue aceptable a excelente en todas las dimensiones, con coeficientes alfa de Cronbach de 0,65 para conocimientos, 0,91 para actitudes y 0,73 para comportamientos, acompañados de valores consistentes del coeficiente omega de McDonald y de la varianza media extraída (AVE). La dimensión de actitudes mostró el mejor desempeño psicométrico, seguida de comportamientos y conocimientos. En conjunto, los resultados aportan evidencia inicial que respalda la coherencia estructural y la consistencia interna de la escala EMCAC-SBE para su uso en contextos escolares bilingües similares. Se recomiendan estudios futuros en poblaciones más amplias y diversas para fortalecer la evidencia sobre su estabilidad y generalización.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Vilma Mamani-Cori, Evelyn L. Tintaya-Quispe, Marco A. Quispe-Apaza, José M. Aguilar-Huanca, Franz A. Jamachi-Ccama, Betsy Quispe-Quispe, Yessica Quilca-Soto.
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