Efecto de los protocolos de blanqueamiento dental sobre la microdureza y rugosidad superficial de las resinas compuestas con diferente arquitectura de relleno: Un estudio in vitro
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/31mb4g31Palabras clave:
Blanqueamiento dental; Peróxido de hidrógeno; Peróxido de carbamida; Resina compuesta; Propiedades superficiales; Pruebas de dureza; Microdureza; Arquitectura de relleno.Resumen
La creciente demanda clínica del blanqueamiento dental exige una comprensión integral de su impacto en las restauraciones preexistentes. Este estudio evaluó el efecto de dos protocolos de blanqueamiento sobre la microdureza y rugosidad superficial de resinas compuestas con diferente arquitectura de relleno. Se fabricaron treinta y seis discos para cada resina compuesta: microhíbrida (Opallis), submicrónica (Brilliant EverGlow), nanorparticulas (Filtek™ Z350 XT) y nanohíbrida (Tetric® N-Ceram). Las muestras se asignaron aleatoriamente (n=12) a dos protocolos de blanqueamiento, peróxido de hidrógeno al 35 % (PH) y peróxido de carbamida al 10 % (PC) y grupo control (agua destilada). Se evaluó un total de 144 discos para microdureza y 144, para rugosidad superficial. Los datos fueron analizados mediante pruebas de Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U con corrección de Bonferroni y Scheirer-Ray-Hare (α=0,05). Los protocolos de blanqueamiento alteraron significativamente las propiedades de la superficie (p<0,001), indicando que el efecto del blanqueamiento depende de la estructura del material. Se observó una interacción significativa entre el agente blanqueador y la arquitectura del relleno (p<0,01). La resina compuesta microhíbrida (Opallis) exhibió mayor reducción en su microdureza (∆ VHN: 36,2) y mayor aumento en su rugosidad (∆ Ra: 0,40 μm) bajo 35% PH, superando el umbral clínicamente aceptable de 0,2 μm para la acumulación de biopelícula. Por el contrario, la arquitectura nanoparticulas (FiltekTM Z350 XT) mantuvo la estabilidad estructural y topográfica, sin mostrar diferencias significativas con el grupo de control (p>0,05), independientemente del protocolo. Las resinas nanohíbridas y submicrométricas mostraron niveles intermedios de degradación. La estabilidad superficial de los composites de resina está determinada por una interacción sinérgica entre el protocolo de blanqueamiento y la arquitectura del relleno, siendo las estructuras microhíbridas las más susceptibles. El blanqueamiento con PH (35 %) fue más perjudicial que PC (10 %). La arquitectura con nanoparticulas proporciona una resistencia superior al estrés oxidativo.
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