Evaluación de la experiencia de caries dental y acumulación de biopelícula en pacientes pediátricos mexicanos con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA): estudio transversal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/qf5b8887Palabras clave:
Trastorno del espectro autista; Niños con discapacidad; Biopelícula; Caries dental.Resumen
El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) presenta dificultades sensoriales y conductuales que pueden complicar el cuidado bucodental. Este estudio evaluó la acumulación de biopelícula y la prevalencia de caries en niños con y sin TEA, matriculados en un centro educativo de San Luis Potosí, México. Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal en un centro educativo especializado en TEA, en el cual 20 niños con TEA y 40 niños neurotípicos, emparejados por edad y sexo, se sometieron a exámenes bucodentales para evaluar la biopelícula mediante el índice de residuos simplificado (DI-S) y la caries mediante el sistema internacional de detección y evaluación de caries (ICDAS). Los participantes tenían entre 5 y 12 años (90 % varones). La prevalencia de caries fue significativamente menor en el grupo con TEA (60 %) en comparación con los controles (95 %) (p = 0,01). Las puntuaciones del DI-S indicaron una higiene bucal entre aceptable y deficiente en ambos grupos, sin diferencias significativas. Las lesiones ICDAS tempranas (códigos 1-2) fueron más frecuentes en los dientes primarios de los niños con TEA, mientras que las lesiones cavitadas (códigos ICDAS 3-6) fueron más frecuentes en los niños neurotípicos. En esta población de estudio, los niños con TEA mostraron una menor prevalencia de caries, pero una acumulación de biopelícula similar en comparación con sus pares neurotípicos.
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Derechos de autor 2026 usana Esparza-Loredo, Saray Aranda-Romo, Huri Morales-Saavedra, Daniela Guzmán-Uribe, Antonio Cepeda-Bravo, Gabriela Torre-Delgadillo, Fátima Aguilar-Diaz, Guadalupe García-De la Torre, Arturo Garrocho-Rangel.
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