Reconsiderando la respuesta celular a los movimientos ortodónticos. Desde las perspetivas mecánicas a las bioquímicas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/xbaew314Palabras clave:
Movimiento dental ortodóncico; Fuerzas mecánicas; Señal piezoeléctrica; Respuesta tisular y celular.Resumen
Los movimientos dentales ortodónticos son un proceso complejo que involucra fuerzas mecánicas aplicadas a los órganos dentarios, lo que lleva a cambios en el ligamento periodontal, el hueso alveolar, la pulpa dental y el tejido neovascular. La influencia mecanosensible de las señales eléctricas a través de los canales iónicos desempeña un papel importante en la comprensión de las vías de señalización celular y la diferenciación celular para aumentar y promover la remodelación y regeneración del tejido óseo. El mecanismo de señalización celular en respuesta al potencial bioeléctrico debido a la carga mecánica, incluida la mecanodetección, la transducción y las respuestas celulares, facilita el movimiento dental en respuesta a las fuerzas mecánicas. Asimismo, la unidad neurovascular desempeña un papel crucial durante el movimiento dental ortodóncico, involucrando una actividad coordinada de los osteoclastos y osteoblastos para remodelar el hueso alveolar. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo presentar los procesos biológicos que sustentan la respuesta celular en el movimiento dental ortodóncico para profundizar nuestra comprensión sobre este mecanismo, centrándose explícitamente en el papel de la traducción de señales durante la respuesta biológica de los tejidos circunvecinos al órgano dentario.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Iñigo Gaitán-Salvatella, Airy Teramoto-Lida, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Francisco Javier Marichi-Rodríguez.
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