Bioclimatic architecture, environmental measures, and urban spaces usage: Comparative evaluation in Plaza de Chamberí, Madrid

Abstract

This theoretical and applied research analyses the microclimate of Chamberí Square in Madrid, a city with an intense Urban Heat Island effect. Contact temperature of finishing materials of facades, pavements, and urban furniture were measured. Dry air temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity and direction were measured too, both in the sun and in the shade. Shading and solar radiation simulations were carried out by constructing a 3D model defining finishing materials’ properties, vegetation, and existing trees. Public space users were also located, and their activities registered. The obtained data was
compared to a traditional bioclimatic study. It is concluded that these studies are effective to design comfortable urban spaces because they are useful in order to create alternative microclimates. Field measurements reveal essential sun radiation and shading studies in urban design for a proper selection and location of materials with a variety of thermal properties and for the correct use of natural soils, vegetation, and water. The comfort strategies defined by traditional bioclimatic tools and the real use of urban space do not come together. Noticeable differences between historical climate data, estate weather
station, and local measurements are detected. The Urban Heat Island of the square is numerically defined.