Social water management issues related to six Costa Rican indigene communities (2019-2020)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/psm.v20i2.51020Keywords:
water resources, environmental management, amerindians, basic needs, social participationAbstract
Objective: to provide a better understanding of the problems associated with the social management of water in six indigenous communities based on qualitative and quantitative data obtained during the 2020-2021 period. Methodology: a mixed and exploratory research was carried out in which qualitative and quantitative data were obtained. The qualitative data is the result of the workshops carried out within the framework of the research project B9314 “Social management of water in indigenous territories from Visual Sociology. Selected cases in the provinces of Puntarenas and Limón”; while water analyzes are quantitative results obtained from water quality analyses conduct in key spots identified by the community. Results: The analyzes carried out showed that 13 of the 15 water samples collected presented fecal contamination, of predominantly animal origin, however, contamination of anthropic origin was also observed. The workshops carried out in the community indicate that this contamination can be associated with a combination of environmental degradation factors, probably related to the usurpation of land by non-indigenous people, deforestation, population growth, pollution and the lack of effective protection policies. of water sources, both within the territories and at the institutional level, which is aggravated due to the limited effective action of the Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers to carry out actions to supply water for human consumption in the case studies. Conclusions: The problems associated with the social management of water in the communities under study are of a multicausal nature and for this reason require multidisciplinary training and support processes to improve the quality of life of indigenous populations.
Downloads
References
Asamblea Legislativa. (1978). Ley Indígena. https://bit.ly/3RX8So8
Astorga, Y. (2008). Situación del Recurso Hídrico. Informe Estado de la Nación en Desarrollo Humano Sostenible. Estado de la Nación. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12337/488
Autoridad Reguladora de los Servicios Públicos. (2020). Resolución RE-0231-JD-2020 Política Regulatoria sobre el acceso al agua potable y saneamiento de aguas residuales. https://n9.cl/p0mlq7
Baird, R. B., Eaton, A. D. y Rice, E. W. (2017). American Public Health Asociation (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA), & Water Environment Federation (WEF). Standard Methods of Examination water and wastewater (23rd ed.). American Public Health Association. https://n9.cl/l1kvo
Bartram, J., Corrales, L., Davison, A., Deere, D., Drury, D., Gordon, B., Howard, G., Rinehold, A. y Stevens, M. P. (2009). Manual para el desarrollo de planes de seguridad del agua: Metodología pormenorizada de gestión de riesgos para proveedores de agua de consumo. Organización Mundial de la Salud.
Brookes, D. y Carey, C. (s.f.). Objetivo 6 – Hacer frente al reto: posibilitar el acceso al agua limpia y potable en todo el mundo. Crónica ONU. https://www.un.org/es/chronicle/article/objetivo-6-hacer-frente-al-reto-posibilitar-el-acceso-al-agua-limpia-y-potable-en-todo-el-mundo
Camacho-Nassar, C. (2019). Mundo Indígena 2019: Costa Rica. Pueblos Indígenas en Costa Rica. https://iwgia.org/es/costa-rica/3378-mi2019-costa-rica.html
Chacón, L., Arias, V., Barrantes, K., Beita-Sandí, W., Reyes, L. y Achí, R. (2018). Enterococci as a key parameter for water quality index: Purires River, Costa Rica. Journal of Water and Health, 16(6), 1007–1017. https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2018.087
Chacón, L., Barrantes, K., Santamaría-Ulloa, C., Solano, M., Reyes, L., Taylor, L., Valiente, C., Symonds, E. M. y Achí, R. (2020). A Somatic Coliphage Threshold Approach To Improve the Management of Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents in Resource-Limited Regions. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 86(17), e00616-20. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00616-20
Contraloría General de la República. (2018). Informe N° DFOE-AE-IF-00008-2018. Informe de Auditoría Operativa acerca de la eficiencia y eficacia del Estado en la prestacion del servicio de agua en comunidades vulnerables. https://cgrfiles.cgr.go.cr/publico/docs_cgr/2018/SIGYD_D_2018014947.pdf
Cordero, A. y Mora A. (2018). Paisaje y agua en el territorio indígena de Salitre, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Revista de Estudos AntiUtilitaristas e PosColoniais, 7(2), 64-90. https://doi.org/10.51359/2179-7501.2017.230498
Corrales Padilla, L. L., Obando Masís, M. del P. y Rodríguez Barrantes, M. (1993). Impacto de los Programas de Ajuste Estructural en el Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados. Instituto costarricense de acueductos y alcantarillados
Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados. (2014, 1 de mayo). Nota sobre Detalle del aforo y visita a posibles nacientes. Expediente 6-3-4 Ojo de Agua de Boruca. UEN-Dirección de Estudios Básicos.
Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados. (1993, 24 de noviembre). Memorando. Expediente 6-3-4 Ojo de Agua de Boruca. UEN-Dirección de Estudios Básicos.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos. (2011). Mapas de pobreza 2011, según el método de NBI por cantón. https://inec.cr/mapas-cartografia/mapas-pobreza-2011-segun-el-metodo-nbi-canton
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos. (2011). X Censo Nacional de Población y VI de Vivienda 2011: Territorios Indígenas Principales Indicadores demográficos y socioeconómicos. Autor.
Fewtrell., L. y Bartram, J. (2001). Indicators of microbial water quality. Water Quality: Guidelines, Standards and Health: Assessment of risk and risk management for water-related infectious disease. IWA Publishing. (pp. 1–431). https://acortar.link/hb9F0T
McMinn, B. R., Ashbolt, N. J. y Korajkic, A. (2017). Bacteriophages as indicators of faecal pollution and enteric virus removal. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 65(1), 11–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/lam.12736
Ministerio de Planificación Nacional y Política Económica. (2013). Índice de Desarrollo Social. https://www.mideplan.go.cr/indice-desarrollo-social
Mora Alvarado, D. y Portuguez-Barquero, C. F. (2019). Agua para consumo humano por provincias y saneamiento por regiones manejados en forma segura en zonas urbanas y rurales de Costa Rica al 2018. Repositorio Institucional Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados. https://dspaceaya.igniteonline.la/handle/aya/269
Mora, A. (2017). La transformación del aparato productivo de la comunidad fronteriza de los pilares de Coto Brus y su impacto en el agua para consumo humano (1980-2010) [Tesis maestría académica en Sociología]. Universidad de Costa Rica, Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado.
Mora, A. (2019). Políticas públicas y agua: el caso de Los Pilares de Coto Brus (1980-2010). En Alpízar, F (Ed.), Agua y Poder en Costa Rica. Centro de Investigación y Estudios Políticos. https://ciep.ucr.ac.cr/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Agua-Poder-CR.pdf
Municipalidad de Buenos Aires. (2004, 5 de marzo). Plan regulador de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. I Modificación. La Gaceta, 46, 40. https://acortar.link/lA17CV
Ortega, M. (2009). Metodología de la sociología visual y su correlato etnológico. Argumentos, 22(59), 165-184. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/595/59511412006.pdf
Planet Team. (2017). Planet Application Program Interface: In Space for Life on Earth. https://www.planet.com/markets/education-and-research/
Presidencia de la República de Costa Rica, Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía, Ministerio de Salud, Ministerio de Educación Pública. (2008). Ampliación del programa Bandera Azul Ecológica a microcuencas hidrológicas. https://n9.cl/ympv1
Presidencia de la República. Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía. (2007). Nº 33903-MINAE-S Reglamento para la Evaluación y Clasificación de la Calidad de Cuerpos de Agua Superficiales. https://acortar.link/svi9J
Presidencia de la República. Ministerio de Salud. (2015). No 38924-S. Reglamento para la calidad del Agua Potable. https://acortar.link/EdiQJY
Solano, M., Chacón, L., Barrantes, K. y Achí, R. (2012). Implementación de dos métodos de recuento en placa para la detección de colifagos somáticos, aportes a las metodologías estándar. Revista peruana de biología, 19(3), 335-340. http://www.scielo.org.pe/pdf/rpb/v19n3/a16v19n3.pdf
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Luz María Chacón Jiménez
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Population and Health in Mesoamerica informs its authors and readers that all publications must be submitted with the Letter of Acceptance of Copyright Conditions where the authors are asked for authorization to submit the article to the Journal for consideration so that it may carry out any of the following activities:
- The graphic and style editing of the work or part of it.
The publication and reproduction of the work or part of it, both in print and electronic media, including the Internet and any other known or unknown technology.
The translation of the work or part of it into any language or dialect.
The adaptation of the work to reading, sound, voice and any other available technical representation or mechanism, which makes possible its access for partially or totally blind people, or with any other form of special abilities that prevent their access to the conventional reading of the article.
The distribution and availability of the work to the public, in such a way that the public may have access to them from the time and place that each person chooses, through the physical or electronic mechanisms available to them.
Any other form of use, process or system known or to be known that is related to the activities and editorial purposes to which the Journal is linked.
You can access the Letter by clicking HERE. If you have a question, please write to revista.ccp@ucr.ac.cr
In addition, the content of this site is protected under the Attribution - Noncommercial - Share Alike (by-nc-sa) license which permits commercial use of the original work or derivative works and distribution of which must be made under the same license that governs the original work. The graphic design, images and texts generated by the e-Information Science magazine are property of the Universidad de Costa Rica and are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International.
Authors who publish in this journal accept the following conditions:
-The authors retain their moral rights over the publication and assign the patrimonial rights mentioned in the Letter of Assignment of Rights with the Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - Compatitr Equal 4.0 International license, which allows third parties to use what is published as long as they mention the authorship of the work and to the first publication in this journal.
-Authors may make other independent and additional contractual arrangements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the article published in this journal (e.g., inclusion in an institutional repository or publication in a book) as long as they clearly indicate that the work was first published in this journal.
This policy is established in accordance with Law 6638 on Copyright and Related Rights of the Republic of Costa Rica.
