Psychosocial risks and working conditions in workers in northern Veracruz, México
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/rwm9v357Keywords:
Psychosocial risks;, working conditions;, occupational health., gender perspective, CoPsoQ-istas21Abstract
Introduction: The interaction between psychosocial risks and precarious working conditions constitutes a structural determinant of occupational health. The objective was to analyze the association between exposure to psychosocial risks and working conditions (sector, contract, job function, and remuneration) among workers in northern Veracruz, Mexico, from a gender perspective. Methods: A quantitative, correlational, and cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sample (n = 400) from the industrial (25%), educational (17.8%), health (17.8%), and informal (39.5%) sectors. The CoPsoQ-istas21 instrument (0.90) was administered. Inferential analysis employed Pearson's chi-squared test (χ²) and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (r) (p < 0.050). Results: The predominant profile was young women without contracts (45.5%) and with split shifts. The work area was significantly associated with all psychological demands (p < 0.001). Women showed critical vulnerability to unfavorable work rhythms (χ² = 14.61, p = 0.001; 91.1% of the critical level) and emotional demands (r_s = -0.111, p = 0.026). Men had twice the unfavorable risk due to role conflict (χ² = 9.21, p = 0.010; 26.1% vs. 14.0%) and reported greater job insecurity (r_s = 0.105, p = 0.036). Precarious and informal employment significantly limited development and mental health (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Psychosocial risk is an emerging socio-structural factor conditioned by informality and gender roles, exceeding the scope of NOM-035-STPS-2018. It is imperative to segment prevention efforts: prioritizing job redesign and emotional support for women, and providing clear job roles and contractual certainty for men.
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