Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the effect of several final irrigation protocols on tubular permeability and push-out bond strength of an epoxy resin-based cement to radicular dentin. The crowns of 110 human teeth were removed to standardize at 17mm in length. The root canals were instrumented and irrigated with 5ml of 5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA. The samples were then randomly divided into 5 groups (n=22) according to the final irrigation protocol. Subsequently, the samples were subdivided into two different groups to assess dentin permeability or the evaluation of the push-out bond strength. In Group 1, all samples displayed the formation of brown-like precipitates. Group 2 and Group 5 demonstrated cleaner dentin walls. The push-out bond test after 72 hours denoted a significant difference when comparing Group 1 vs Group 2 and Group 1 vs Group 3. After thermocycling, a significant difference is observed between Group 1 and all remaining groups. The irrigation protocol using distilled water prior to irrigation with chlorhexidine significantly reduces the formation of intracanal precipitates by avoiding interactions between irrigants. The push-out bond strength of epoxy resin-based cement is directly influenced by the precipitates formed in the root canal after irrigation and the time of thermocycling.
References
Rodríguez-Niklitschek C., Oporto G. Determinación de la Longitud de Trabajo en Endodoncia. Implicancias Clínicas de la Anatomía Radicular y del Sistema de Canales Radiculares. Int J Odontostomat. 2014; 8 (2): 177-83.
Peter O.A., Schönenberger K., Laib A. Effects of four Ni-Ti preparation techniques on root canal geometry assessed by micro-computed tomography. Int Endod J. 2001; 34 (3): 221-30.
Tervit C., Paquette L., Torneck C.D., Basrani B., Friedman S. Proportion of Healed Teeth With Apical Periodontitis Medicated With Two Percent Chlorhexidine Gluconate Liquid: A Case-Series Study. J Endod [Internet]. Elsevier Ltd; 2009; 35 (9): 1182-5. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2009.05.010
Krishnamurthy S., Sudhakaran S. Evaluation and prevention of the precipitate formed on interaction between sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine. J Endod [Internet]. Elsevier Ltd; 2010; 36 (7): 1154-7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2010.01.012
Haapasalo M., Endal U., Zandi H., Coil J.M. Eradication of endodontic infection by instrumentation and irrigation solutions. Endod Top. 2005; 10 (1): 77-102.
Zehnder M. Root Canal Irrigants. J Endod. 2006; 32 (5): 389-98.
Kuruvilla J.R., Kamath M.P. Antimicrobial activity of 2.5 % sodium hypochlorite and 0.2 % chlorhexidine gluconate separately and combined, as endodontic irrigants. J Endod. 1998; 24 (7): 472-6.
Basrani B.R., Manek S., Sodhi R.N.S., Fillery E., Manzur A. Interaction between Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidine Gluconate. J Endod. 2007; 33 (8): 966-9.
Nowicki J.B., Sem D.S. An in vitro spectroscopic analysis to determine the chemical composition of the precipitate formed by mixing sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine. J Endod [Internet]. 2011; 37 (7): 983-8. Available from http://www.jendodon.com/article/S0099239911004304/fulltext
Mortenson D., Sadilek M., Flake N.M., Paranjpe A., Heling I., Johnson J.D., Cohenca N. The effect of using an alternative irrigant between sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine to prevent the formation of para-chloroaniline within the root canal system. Int Endod J. 2012 Sep; 45 (9): 878-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02048.x. Epub 2012 Apr 6. PMID: 22486894.
Onur E., Irmark O., Hür D., Yaman B., Karabucak B. (2015). Does Para-chloroaniline Really Form after Mixing Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidine? International Journal of Endodontics; 42 (3): 455-459.
Akisue E., Tomita V.S., Gavini G., Poli de Figueiredo J.A. Effect of the combination of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine on dentinal permeability and scanning electron microscopy precipitate observation. J Endod [Internet]. Elsevier Ltd; 2010; 36 (5): 847-50. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20416431
Arslan H., Uygun A.D., Keskin A., Karatas E., Seçkin F., Yıldırım A. Evaluation of orange-brown precipitate formed in root canals after irrigation with chlorhexidine and QMix and spectroscopic analysis of precipitates produced by a mixture of chlorhexidine/NaOCl and QMix/NaOCl. Int Endod J. 2015 Dec; 48 (12): 1199-203.
Nowicki J.B., Sem D.S. An in vitro spectroscopic analysis to determine the chemical composition of the precipitate formed by mixing sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine. J Endod [Internet]. 2011; 37 (7): 983-8. Available from http://www.jendodon.com/article/S0099239911004304/fulltext
Reyes-Carmona J. Irrigation Protocols Effects on Radicular Dentin: Cleaning, Disinfection and Remaining Ultrastructure. Odovtos - Int J Dent Sc. 2022; 25 (1): 14-21. Available from: https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/Odontos/article/view/51869
Magro M.G., Kuga M.C., Aranda-Garcia A.J., Victorino K.R., Chávez-Andrade G.M., Faria G., Keine K.C., Só M.V. Effectiveness of several solutions to prevent the formation of precipitate due to the interaction between sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine and its effect on bond strength of an epoxy-based sealer. Int Endod J. 2015 May; 48 (5):478-83. doi: 10.1111/iej.12337. Epub 2014 Jul 24. PMID: 24962548.
Kamil P. Kolosowski et al. Qualitative analysis of precipitate formation on the surface and in the tubules of dentin irrigated with sodium hypochlorite and a final rinse of chlorhexidine or Qmix. JOE. 2014; 40 (12): 2036-2040.
Vivacqua-Gomes N., Ferraz C.C.R., Gomes B.P.F. A., Zaia A. A., Teixeira FB, Souza-Filho FJ. Influence of irrigants on the coronal microleakage of laterally condensed gutta-percha root fillings. Int Endod J. 2002; 35 (Pashley 1990): 791-5.
Bui T.B., Baumgartner J.C., Mitchell J.C. Evaluation of the Interaction between Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidine Gluconate and its Effect on Root Dentin. J Endod. 2008; 34 (2): 181-5.
Teixeira C.S., Felippe M.C.S., Felippe W.T. The effect of application time of EDTA and NaOCl on intracanal smear layer removal: an SEM analysis. International Endodontic Journal. 2005; 38: 285-290
Atay, A., Palazli, Z., Gürdal, I., Üşümez, A. Color Change of Different Dual-Cure Resin Cements After Thermocycling. Odovtos - International Journal of Dental Sciences. 2019: 21 (2): 53-62. https://doi.org/10.15517/ijds.v21i2.36783
Comments
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-sa/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2023 CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0