Palabras clave
Hidrogel; Quitosano; Xilitol; Remineralización; Esmalte dental.
Cómo citar
Resumen
El objetivo de este artículo fue realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura para determinar los diferentes usos terapéuticos de los hidrogeles de quitosano y su enfoque en la terapia odontológica, así como la modificación y mejoramiento de materiales dentales para promover investigaciones relacionadas con el quitosano y su incorporación a el área dental como coadyuvante o sustituto en algunos tratamientos odontológicos. El quitosano es un polímero natural obtenido de la desacetilación de la quitina, un polisacárido abundante en la naturaleza, que por sus características ha despertado el interés de la biomedicina. La odontología no es ajena a este interés, pues estudios recientes han demostrado que el quitosano puede integrarse a materiales dentales para obtener efectos remineralizantes, como agentes antimicrobianos, agentes osteogénicos, en tratamientos de regeneración pulpar, entre otros. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed, Scopus y Google Scholar desde 2018 hasta 2023. Los resultados mostraron una amplia gama de usos del quitosano en el ámbito odontológico. Lo que más destaca es el uso como agente remineralizante del esmalte dental; también fue utilizado en la regeneración de tejidos principalmente por su actividad osteogénica, como agente antimicrobiano, como vehículo para la aplicación de medicamentos, entre otros. El uso del quitosano como nanobiomaterial es un tema interesante, ya que por sus características, el quitosano muestra potencial para nuevos materiales dentales ya sea como ingrediente activo o como vehículo coadyuvante de otros materiales.
Citas
Wang W., Meng Q., Li Q., Liu J., Zhou M., Jin Z., et al. Chitosan Derivatives and Their Application in Biomedicine. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21 (2): 487.
Ngo D.-H., Vo T.-S., Ngo D.-N., Kang K.-H., Je J.-Y., Pham H.N.-D., et al. Biological effects of chitosan and its derivatives. Food Hydrocolloids. 2015; 51: 200-16.
Zhao D., Yu S., Sun B., Gao S., Guo S., Zhao K. Biomedical Applications of Chitosan and Its Derivative Nanoparticles. Polymers. 2018; 10 (4):
Qin Y., Li P. Antimicrobial Chitosan Conjugates: Current Synthetic Strategies and Potential Applications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21 (2): 499.
Royal Spanish Academy. Dictionary of the Spanish language [Internet]. Spain: Royal Spanish Academy; 2001. [Cited October 1, 2023]. Recovered from: https://www.rae.es/drae2001/biodegradable
Chandra R., Rustgi R. Biodegradable polymers. Progress in Polymer Science. 1998; 23 (7): 1273-335.
Kamath K.R., Park K. Biodegradable hydrogels in drug delivery. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 1993; 11 (1-2): 59-84.
Cao H., Duan L., Zhang Y., Cao J., Zhang K. Current hydrogel advances in physicochemical and biological response-driven biomedical application diversity. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy. 2021; 6 (1): 426.
Fakhri E., Eslami H., Maroufi P., Pakdel F., Taghizadeh S., Ganbarov K., et al. Chitosan biomaterials application in dentistry. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2020; 162: 956-74.
Muşat V., Anghel E.M., Zaharia A., Atkinson I., Mocioiu O.C., Buşilă M., et al. A chitosan–agarose polysaccharide-based hydrogel for biomimetic remineralization of dental enamel. Biomolecules. 2021; 11 (8): 1137.
Lacruz R.S., Habelitz S., Wright J.T., Paine M.L. DENTAL ENAMEL FORMATION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR ORAL HEALTH AND DISEASE. Physiological Reviews. 2017; 97 (3): 939-93.
Arnaud T.M.S., de Barros Neto B., Diniz F.B. Chitosan effect on dental enamel de-remineralization: an in vitro evaluation. Journal of Dentistry. 2010; 38 (11): 848-52.
Moher D., Liberati A., Tetzlaff J., Altman D.G. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine. 2009; 6 (7): e1000097.
Ren Q., Ding L., Li Z., Wang X., Wang K., Han S., et al. Chitosan hydrogel containing amelogenin-derived peptide: Inhibition of cariogenic bacteria and promotion of remineralization of initial caries lesions. Archives of Oral Biology. 2019; 100: 42-8.
Prajapati S., Ruan Q., Mukherjee K., Nutt S., Moradian-Oldak J. The Presence of MMP-20 Reinforces Biomimetic Enamel Regrowth. Journal of Dental Research. 2018; 97 (1): 84-90.
Zhang S., Zhao Y., Ding S., Zhou C., Li H., Li L. Facile Synthesis of In Situ Formable Alginate Composite Hydrogels with Ca (2+)-Induced Healing Ability. Tissue Engineering Part A. 2021; 27 (19-20): 1225-38.
Zhang Y., Dou X., Zhang L., Wang H., Zhang T., Bai R., et al. Facile fabrication of a biocompatible composite gel with sustained release of aspirin for bone regeneration. Bioact Mater. 2022; 11: 130-9.
Makar L.E., Nady N. Unmodified Gum Arabic/Chitosan/Nanohydroxyapatite Nanocomposite Hydrogels as Potential Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration. Polymers. 2022; 14 (15): 3052.
Sungkhaphan P., Thavornyutikarn B. Antibacterial and osteogenic activities of clindamycin-releasing mesoporous silica/carboxymethyl chitosan composite hydrogels. Royal Society Open Science. 2021; 8 (9): 210808.
Abdul-Monem M.M., Kamoun E.A., Ahmed D.M., El-Fakharany E.M., Al-Abbassy F.H., Aly H.M. Light-cured hyaluronic acid composite hydrogels using riboflavin as a photoinitiator for bone regeneration applications. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences. 2021; 16 (4): 529-39.
Afrasiabi S., Bahador A., Partoazar A. Combinatorial therapy of chitosan hydrogel-based zinc oxide nanocomposite attenuates the virulence of Streptococcus mutans. BMC Microbiology. 2021; 21 (1): 62.
Suflet D.M., Popescu I., et al. Dual Cross-Linked Chitosan/PVA Hydrogels Containing Silver Nanoparticles with Antimicrobial Properties. Pharmaceutics. 2021; 13 (9): 1461.
Abboud A.R., Ali A.M., Youssef T. Preparation and characterization of insulin-loaded injectable hydrogels as potential adjunctive periodontal treatment. Dental and Medical Problems. 2020; 57 (4): 377-84.
Chanaj-Kaczmarek, Justyna, et al. Development and Evaluation of Thermosensitive Hydrogels with Binary Mixture of Scutellariae baicalensis radix Extract and Chitosan for Periodontal Diseases Treatment. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (21): 11319.
Ammar M.M., Waly G.H., Saniour S.H., Moussa T.A. Growth factor release and enhanced encapsulated periodontal stem cells viability by freeze-dried platelet concentrate loaded thermo-sensitive hydrogel for periodontal regeneration. The Saudi Dental Journal. 2018; 30 (4): 355-64.
Wu S., Zhou Y., et al. Evaluation of Chitosan Hydrogel for Sustained Delivery of VEGF for Odontogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells. 2019; 2019: 1515040.
Renard E., Amiaud J., Delbos L., Charrier C., Montembault A., Ducret M., et al. Dental pulp inflammatory/immune response to a chitosan-enriched fibrin hydrogel in the pulpotomised rat incisor. European Cells & Materials. 2020; 40: 74-87.
Moreira M.S., Sarra G., et al. Physical and Biological Properties of a Chitosan Hydrogel Scaffold Associated to Photobiomodulation Therapy for Dental Pulp Regeneration: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. BioMed Research International. 2021; 2021: 6684667.
Divband B., Pouya B., et al. Towards Induction of Angiogenesis in Dental Pulp Stem Cells Using Chitosan-Based Hydrogels Releasing Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor. BioMed Research International. 2022; 2022: 5401461.
Erten Taysi A., Cevher E., et al. The efficacy of sustained-release chitosan microspheres containing recombinant human parathyroid hormone on MRONJ. Brazilian Oral Research 2019; 33: e086.
Hosny K.M., Sindi A.M., Alkhalidi H.M., Kurakula M., Alruwaili N.K., Alhakamy N.A., et al. Oral gel loaded with penciclovir-lavender oil nanoemulsion to enhance bioavailability and alleviate pain associated with herpes labialis. Drug Delivery. 2021; 28 (1): 1043-54.