Resumen
La pudrición basal causada por Phytophthora capsici es la enfermedad más importante del chile (Capsicum annuum) ya que en el mundo, y en Costa Rica causa grandes pérdidas económicas; son necesarias alternativas al control químico para evitar daños a la salud humana y al ambiente. Se evaluó el antagonismo de rizobacterias promotoras de crecimiento (RPC) sobre P. capsici y su capacidad de reducción del marchitamiento en plantas de chile. Las RPC, previamente aisladas de caña y arroz, fueron identificadas con el marcador ARNr 16S como Pseudomonas fluorescens PC4, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila PC9, Pseudomonas fragi PC11 y Azospirillum lipoferum PCJ2. Se evaluó la inhibición del crecimiento de P. capcisi in vitro en presencia de las RPC. A nivel de invernadero se determinó el efecto de las 4 bacterias sobre plantas de chile inoculadas con P. capsici (100 zoosporas. planta-1). Las cepas P. fluorescens PC4, S. rhizophila PC9 y A. lipoferum PCJ2, inhibieron in vitro el crecimiento del oomycete en un 54%, 30% y 50%, respectivamente, mientras que en invernadero la inoculación con S. rhizophila aumentó en un 14% el peso fresco foliar de las plantas de chile. Además, A. lipoferum y S. rhizophila redujeron la severidad de la enfermedad en la parte aérea y radical; las plantas inoculadas con A. lipoferum no mostraron síntomas de pudrición basal ya que indicaron que PC9 y PCJ2 son bacterias promisorias para el control de la enfermedad.Citas
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