Palabras clave
encapsulation
calcium alginate
entomopathogenic nematodes.
Heterorhabditis
encapsulado
alginato de calcio
nematodos entomopatógenos.
Cómo citar
Resumen
Los nematodos entomopatógenos (NEP) del género Heterorhabditis son utilizados para el control biológico de insectos plaga, la mayoría de las aplicaciones de estos organismos involucran el uso de abundante agua y no cuentan con protección contra condiciones ambientales desfavorables, por lo que existe la necesidad del desarrollo de formulaciones que faciliten la aplicación y extiendan la vida útil de estos organismos. La técnica de encapsular nematodos en hidrogeles o cápsulas es una alternativa prometedora para aumentar la viabilidad de Heterorhabditis sp. Se evaluaron 23 formulaciones a partir de los biopolímeros pectina, carboximetilcelulosa (CMC), alginato y gelatina, 15 de las cuales formaron cápsulas, se eligieron los hidrogeles preparados a partir de alginato al 2,0%, pectina al 4,2% y CMC al 2,2%, ya que presentaron las mejores condiciones respecto a forma, capacidad de retener nematodos y dureza de las cápsulas. De estos materiales se escogió el alginato por sus características de viabilidad de los nematodos y ausencia de contaminación. Se evaluó la retención y viabilidad de los juveniles infectivos (JI) a concentraciones de alginato al 2%, 3% y 4%, en el que las cápsulas de alginato al 2% presentaron los mejores resultados. Cuando se determinó la capacidad de estas cápsulas para infectar larvas de Galleria mellonella se encontró que un aumento en la concentración (JI.ml-1) y la dosis (Cápsulas.larva-1) causó un aumento en el porcentaje de infección. Finalmente, se determinó que la DL50% correspondió a 2,9 cápsulas.larva-1.
Citas
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