Prácticas agrícolas sostenibles que incrementan los rendimientos de diferentes cultivos en Sancti Spíritus, Cuba

Abstract

Sustainable agricultural practices to increase the yields of different crops, in Sancti Spiritus, Cuba. The present research took place in 4 agro-ecosystems of the Sancti Spiritus province, Cuba. The productive response of different crops of vegetables and grains to coverage residues on the ground, and to the use of biofertilizers under field experimental conditions and in different types of soil were studied. Among the vegetables, onion (Allium cepa L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) were evaluated; for both, different types of dead coverage on the floor were used. In the of grains, Fitomas- E and Biobras 16 were used on the bean crop (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and efficient microorganisms in corn (Zea mays L.). The experimental design for the 4 experiments was of random blocks. In all experiments the crop yield was higher in treated variants, as compared to the control treatment. When dead coverage was used in onion and tomato, the highest yield was obtained with the remains of rice harvest: 14.08 and 31.25 t.ha-1 respectively. In the bean crop, the best combination was the joint implementation of Fitomas E and Biobrás 16, with a yield of 2.23 t.ha-1. Corn production was higher by more than 50% when efficient microorganisms were used in correspondence with the control variant. The agricultural practices evaluated contributed to improve the productive response in all crops where they were applied.