Nitrogen and chlorophyll concentration in leaves of hydroponic sweet pepper in greenhouse under different irrigation and nutrition management strategies

Abstract

Introduction. Nitrogen (N) is an essential element for the photosynthesis process, and therefore, a determining factor in yield. The use of optical sensors to determine transmittance indices (SPAD, CCI), reflectance (NDVI) and fluorescence ( F_v.F_m^-1) related to the state of foliar N, allows adequate management based on non-destructive “in situ” monitoring. Objective. To evaluate the effect of different fertigation management strategies on nitrogen and chlorophyll concentration in the leaf; and the relationship between i- N and Cl concentration in leaf, ii- N and Cl concentration in leaf with yield and iii- N and Cl concentration in leaf with SPAD, CCI, NDVI and F_v.F_m^-1 indices. Materials and methods. Six treatments were evaluated in an unrestricted randomized design with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement, which combined 2 irrigation strategies (E1: low volume and more frequent and E2: high volume and less frequent) and 3 levels of nutrition: low (NB), medium (NM) and high (NA). The direct measurements of N and Cl in the leaf were determined with the Kjeldahl method and by ethanol extraction, respectively. Results. Nutrition level affected N content, where the NM and NA treatments were similar, although higher than NB. The regression model showed little ability to estimate N and yield from the Cl content in the leaf. Estimation of Cl in the leaf from the CCI (R²: 0.71) and SPAD (R²: 0.75) indices were only promising in NB. To estimate foliar N, the regression with F_v.F_m^-1 showed R²values of 0.89 in NB and 0.69 in NM; while for NDVI the R² values were 0.61 in NB and 0.47 in NM. Conclusion. SPAD, CCI, NDVI and F_v.F_m^-1 indices showed potential to estimate chlorophyll and N concentration in the leaf with low and medium nutrient inputs, and with limitations in treatments with high nutrient inputs.