Somatic embryogenesis, plant regeneration and acemannan detection in aloe (<i>Aloe barbadensis Mill.</i>)

Abstract

A method for plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis was established in aloe (Aloe barbadensis Mill.). For explant disinfection, treatments involved 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 and 15 min sonication, in combination with 4% v/v NaOCl. Explant source and growth regulators were investigated. The highest survival rate (85%) and the lowest contamination (15%) were obtained with 5 min sonication. Friable embryogenic calluses were produced from apical meristems, leaf bases, and zygotic embryos of aloe. The best explants for callus induction (89%) were the leaf bases when cultured on callus induction medium with 2.5 mg.l-1 2,4-D, 2 mg.l-1 BAP, and 40 mg.l-1 adenine sulphate. The highest number of shoots was obtained from embryogenic calluses derived from zygotic embryos on a medium supplemented with 0.05 mg.l-1 2,4-D and 2 mg.l-1 BAP. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that acemanan concentration in embryogenic calluses (0.8-2.1 mg.ml-1) was much lower than fresh leaves (85 mg.ml-1). The protocol obtained in this investigation could be a useful tool not only for the propagation of this important medicinal plant but also for genetic transformation.