Fermentation of Trichoderma for biological control using local inputs in Costa Rica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/am.2024.55761Keywords:
biologianl control agents, starch, fermentation , molassesAbstract
Introduction. Supply chain issues have driven up raw material costs and reduced the availability of materials for producing biological control agents. These delays in application could result in increased disease pressure and reduced farm yields. Objective. To determine the effect of different amounts of starch and the use of local ingredients for small and commercial-scale fermentation processes for Trichoderma harzianum. Materials and methods. All trials took place in San José, Costa Rica, between 2016 and 2018. Flask trials were executed to investigate the potential reduction or elimination of starch in commercial fermentation media. Additionally, fermentation vessel trials were conducted to assess the effectiveness of an alternative local medium, encompassing three treatments: 1) Commercial medium as a control, 2) 10% molasses medium, and 3) 10% molasses mediaum with 0.5% yeast extract. Viable spore counts were performed to determine colony forming units (CFU/mL). Results. Reducing starch to 10% of the original medium had no impact on CFU/mL. However, the absence of starch led to uneven growth during fermentation, resulting in solid mycelium accumulations. Molasses medium yielded roughly half the CFU/mL compared to the commercial medium, but it still exceeded the 107 CFU/mL threshold commonly used in studies for biological plant pathogen control. Results from a commercial-scale fermenter mirrored those from pilot-scale fermentation. Conclusion. While reducing starch content in the commercial medium didn't affect growth, the absence of starch caused solid mycelium accumulations, potentially posing issues in commercial production. Employing locally sourced molasses medium on a commercial scale appears feasible while maintaining a viable spore count meeting the minimum field-use specifications. Overall, these findings support the use of these media for Trichoderma production in biological control applications.
Downloads
References
Asad, S. A. (2022). Mechanisms of action and biocontrol potential of Trichoderma against fungal plant diseases - A review. Ecological Complexity, 49, Article 100978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2021.100978
Baker, B. P., Green, T. A., & Loker, A. J. (2020). Biological control and integrated pest management in organic and conventional systems. Biological Control, 140, Article 104095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2019.104095
Ben Hassen, T., & El Bilali, H. (2022). Impacts of the Russia-Ukraine War on Global Food Security: Towards More Sustainable and Resilient Food Systems? Foods, 11, Article 2301. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11152301
Cavero, P. A. S., Hanada, R. E., Gasparotto, L., Coelho Neto, R. A., & Souza, J. T. (2015). Biological control of banana black Sigatoka disease with Trichoderma. Ciência Rural, 45, 951–957. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20140436
Chávez, R. A. P., Tavares, L. C., Carvalho, J. C. M., Converti, A., & Sato, S. (2004). Influence of the nitrogen source on the production of a-amylase and glucoamylase by a new Trichoderma sp. from soluble starch. Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Quarterly, 18(4), 403–407
Das, M., & Abdulhameed, S. (2020). Agro-processing residues for the production of fungal bio-control agents. Valorisation of Agro-industrial Residues–Volume II: Non-Biological Approaches, 107-126
Guzmán-Guzmán, P., Porras-Troncoso, M. D., Olmedo-Monfil, V., & Herrera-Estrella, A. (2019). Trichoderma Species: Versatile Plant Symbionts. Phytopathology, 109, 6–16. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-07-18-0218-RVW
He, D. C., He, M. H., Amalin, D. M., Liu, W., Alvindia, D. G., & Zhan, J. (2021). Biological Control of Plant Diseases: An Evolutionary and Eco-Economic Consideration. Pathogens, 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10101311
Jagtap, S., Trollman, H., Trollman, F., Garcia-Garcia, G., Parra-López, C., Duong, L., Martindale, W., Munekata, P. E. S., Lorenzo, J. M., Hdaifeh, A., Hassoun, A., Salonitis, K., & Afy-Shararah, M. (2022). The Russia-Ukraine Conflict: Its Implications for the Global Food Supply Chains. Foods, 11, Article 2098. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11142098
Khan, S., Bagwan, N. B., Iqbal, M. A., & Tamboli, R.R. (2011). Mass multiplication and shelf life of liquid fermented final product of Trichoderma viride in different formulations. Advances in Bioresearch, 2(1), 178-182
Köhl, J., Kolnaar, R., & Ravensberg, W.J. (2019). Mode of action of microbial biological control agents against plant diseases: Relevance beyond efficacy. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00845
Lamichhane, J. R., & Reay-Jones, F.PF. (2021). Editorial: Impacts of COVID-19 on global plant health and crop protection and the resulting effect on global food security and safety. Crop Protection, 139, Article 105383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2020.105383
Lyubenova, A., Rusanova, M., Nikolova, M., & Slavov, S. B. (2023). Plant extracts and Trichoderma spp: possibilities for implementation in agriculture as biopesticides, Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 37(1), 159-166, http:// 10.1080/13102818.2023.2166869
Martinez, Y., Ribera, J., Schwarze, F. W., & De France, K. (2023). Biotechnological development of Trichoderma-based formulations for biological control. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 107, 5595–5612. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-023-12687-x
Naeimi, S., Khosravi, V., Varga, A., Vágvölgyi, C., & Kredics, L. (2020). Screening of organic substrates for solid-state fermentation, viability and bioefficacy of Trichoderma harzianum AS12-2, a biocontrol strain against Rice Sheath Blight Disease. Agronomy, 10, Article 1258. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091258
Nathan, V. K., Esther Rani, M., Rathinasamy, G., Dhiraviam, K. N., & Jayavel, S. (2014). Process optimization and production kinetics for cellulase production by Trichoderma viride VKF3. SpringerPlus 3, Article 92. https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-3-92
Sridhar, A., Balakrishnan, A., Jacob, M.M., Sillanpää, M., & Dayanandan, N. (2022). Global impact of COVID-19 on agriculture: role of sustainable agriculture and digital farming. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19358-w
Tamizharasi, V., Srikanth, J., & Santhalakshmi, G. (2005). Molasses-based medium requires no nitrogen supplement for culturing three entomopathogenie fungi. Journal of Biological Control, 135–140. https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2005/3544
Tournas, V., Stack, M., Mislivec, P., Koch, H., & Bandler, R. (2001). Chapter 18: yeasts, molds and mycotoxins, in: Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM), Food and Drug Administration, Gaithersburg, MD, USA. https://www.fda.gov/food/laboratory-methods-food/bam-chapter-18-yeasts-molds-and-mycotoxins
Velivelli, S. L. S., De Vos, P., Kromann, P., Declerck, S., & Prestwich, B.D. (2014). Biological control agents: from field to market, problems, and challenges. Trends in Biotechnology, 32, 493–496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.07.002
Verma, M., Brar, S. K., Tyagi, R. D., Surampalli, R. N., & Valero, J. R. (2007). Antagonistic fungi, Trichoderma spp.: panoply of biological control. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 37(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-023-12687-x
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Patrick Becker, Paul Esker, Gerardina Umaña Rojas
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
1. Proposed policy for open access journals
Authors who publish in this journal accept the following conditions:
a. Authors retain the copyright and assign to the journal the right to the first publication, with the work registered under the attribution, non-commercial and no-derivative license from Creative Commons, which allows third parties to use what has been published as long as they mention the authorship of the work and upon first publication in this journal, the work may not be used for commercial purposes and the publications may not be used to remix, transform or create another work.
b. Authors may enter into additional independent contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the article published in this journal (e.g., including it in an institutional repository or publishing it in a book) provided that they clearly indicate that the work was first published in this journal.
c. Authors are permitted and encouraged to publish their work on the Internet (e.g. on institutional or personal pages) before and during the review and publication process, as it may lead to productive exchanges and faster and wider dissemination of published work (see The Effect of Open Access).
