Pesticide imports in El Salvador from 2013 to 2021
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/am.2024.60031Keywords:
pesticides, agriculture, regulatory framework, environmentAbstract
Introduction. Limited information exists on the import volumes, usage, environmental fate, and human health effects of pesticides in El Salvador. Objective. To identify import trends and the relative contribution of each active ingredient to the global volume of pesticide imports during the period 2013-2021. Materials and methods. Import records of pesticides provided by the Import Registration and Supervision Unit of the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock of El Salvador (MAG) for the period from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2021, were classified by active ingredient (a.i.). For each import event, the net quantity of each a.i. was calculated based on the technical data sheet of the commercial product. Each a.i. was categorized based on its properties into one of the following categories: herbicides, fumigants and soil disinfectants, insecticides-nematicides, fungicides-bactericides, molluscicides, and rodenticides. Results. Herbicides were imported in the largest volumes, followed by fumigants and soil disinfectants, insecticides-nematicides, fungicides-bactericides, molluscicides, and rodenticides. The most imported herbicides, in descending order, were 2,4-D, paraquat, glyphosate, and atrazine; for fumigants and soil disinfectants, methyl bromide, aluminum phosphide, and metam sodium; for fungicides-bactericides, mancozeb, chlorothalonil, carbendazim, and propineb; for insecticides-nematicides, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, terbufos, and malathion; for molluscicides, metaldehyde; and for rodenticides, coumatetralyl and diphacinone, respectively. Conclusions. From 2013 to 2021, among the most imported a.i. by volume, there was a notable increase in glyphosate, chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, and mancozeb, while imports of terbufos declined. Other a.i. showed minimal variation, were imported in smaller volumes, or are no longer imported due to international regulations on the trade and use of chemical substances, and market demand.
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