Compostaje para la reducción de excretas de aves (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Verónica Rosas-Martínez; Noé Aguilar-Rivera

doi:10.15517/am.v33i1.44815

Autores/as

Verónica Rosas-Martínez Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2458-5747
Noé Aguilar-Rivera Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7833-6749

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15517/am.v33i1.44815

Palabras clave:

sector avícola, pollinaza, compostaje, abonos orgánicos

Resumen

Introducción. El crecimiento de la población y el consumo de fuentes de proteína como la carne de pollo, ha maximizado la generación de residuos avícolas (pollinaza), esto conlleva a desarrollar alternativas de manejo eficiente para la conversión de estos residuos en subproductos como los fertilizantes orgánicos. Numerosas investigaciones concluyen el efecto notable de la composta obtenida de residuos avícolas sobre el desarrollo y crecimiento de las cosechas, que aportan alto contenido de nutrimentos esenciales como enmienda en la agricultura agroecológica dentro de la economía circular y el desarrollo sustentable de la producción. Objetivo. Realizar una revisión sobre los planes de manejo de los residuos provenientes del sector avícola a través del compostaje para su uso en la agricultura en la región de Córdoba, Veracruz, México. Desarrollo. El estudio se llevó a cabo entre enero y junio de 2020, a través de una exhaustiva búsqueda bibliográfica y el análisis de experiencias locales en la producción de abonos orgánicos con campesinos. En esta revisión y con el trabajo de campo, los resultados establecieron que en la región es posible obtener diversos tipos de abono con la incorporación de excretas de aves, y las tecnologías de producción de composta, lombricomposta y bocashi de forma individual o en mezcla con otros subproductos regionales como los derivados de la industria azucarera, café, pecuaria etc. Se obtienen nutrimentos como nitrógeno de 2,08-2,34 %, fósforo 4,01-4,27 %, potasio 2,37-4,56 %, calcio 10,36-12,93, y magnesio 0,90-1,16 %, disponibles para su uso. Conclusión. Los subproductos avícolas tienen un gran potencial para generar alternativas de reúso mediante tecnologías de aplicación rural sin una inversión significativa y estrategias de manejo de residuos.

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