Identificación molecular de microorganismos en cultivos agrícolas, ornamentales y forestales en Costa Rica, 2009-2018. Parte 1

Mónica Blanco-Meneses

doi:10.15517/am.v33i2.46407

Autores/as

Mónica Blanco-Meneses Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2642-3899

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15517/am.v33i2.46407

Palabras clave:

hongos, oomicetos, protozoa

Resumen

Introducción. El Laboratorio de Técnicas Moleculares aplicadas a la Fitoprotección (LTM), Centro de Investigación en Protección de Cultivos, Universidad de Costa Rica; recibe cultivos agrícolas, ornamentales y forestales para la identificación de microorganismos por medio de técnicas moleculares. Objetivo. Identificar con técnicas moleculares hongos, oomicetes y protozoa patogénicos y no patogénicos en cultivos agrícolas, ornamentales y forestales de Costa Rica. Materiales y métodos. Entre los años 2009 y 2018, se recibieron partes de plantas (raíz, tallo, hojas, frutos) y otros materiales como agua, sustrato y suelo, de los cuales se obtuvieron 805 aislamientos para identificación de microorganimos por mediante técnicas de extracción de ADN, PCR en tiempo final y en tiempo real y secuenciación mediante marcadores moleculares. Resultados. La secuenciación permitió la identificación de un total de 154 especies de hongos, 6 oomicetos y 1 protozoa. Dentro de los hongos identificados predominaron géneros como Fusarium con catorce especies diferentes, seguidos de Colletotrichum y Aspergillus con once especies identificadas para cada uno. En los oomicetes, prevalecieron especies del género Phytophthora y dentro de los protozoa el género Plasmodiophora. Además, las referencias científicas que respaldan la presencia de los microorganismos identificados en un cultivo en particular, han sido incluidas dentro de la información. Conclusión. Fue posible identificar mediante técnicas moleculares especies de hongos, oomicetos y protozoa patogénicos y no patogénicos aislados de diferentes cultivos agrícolas, ornamentales y forestales en Costa Rica.

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Biografía del autor/a

Mónica Blanco-Meneses, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica

Directora Centro de Investigaciones en Protección de Cultivos

Escuela de Agronomía

Area de Técnicas Moleculares

Facultad de Ciencias Agroalimentarias

Citas

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