Identificación molecular de nematodos lesionadores de raíz, Pratylenchus spp., en cultivos agrícolas de Costa Rica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/am.v34i1.49445Palabras clave:
gen 28S, ADN ribosomal, PCR, secuencia de ADNResumen
Introducción. Los nematodos lesionadores, Pratylenchus spp., poseen un amplio rango de hospederos y reducen los rendimientos de diferentes cultivos. La información sobre la diversidad de especies de Pratylenchus en Costa Rica es escasa. Objetivo. Identificar las especies de Pratylenchus asociadas a 12 cultivos con base en la región D3 del gen 28SrDNA. Materiales y métodos. Durante el 2013 al 2015, se recolectaron muestras de raíces en Alajuela, Cartago, Guanacaste, Heredia y San José en cultivos de arroz (Oryza sativa), pimienta negra (Piper nigrum), caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum), aster (Aster sp.), café (Coffea arabica), banano (Musa paradisiaca), lirio (Lilium sp.), gysophila (Gypsophila sp.), cebolla (Allium cepa), papa (Solanum tuberosum), fresa (Fragaria x ananassa) y helecho de hoja de cuero (Rumohra adiantiformis). Se amplificó y secuenció la región D3 del gen 28S del ADNr de cada población. Se realizó una búsqueda en el Gen Bank con un “Blast Search” para cada secuencia. Las relaciones filogenéticas se establecieron mediante inferencia bayesiana. Resultados. “Blast Search” indicó la presencia de P. pseudocoffeae en aster, P. brachyurus en pimienta negra, P. crenatus en cebolla y papa, P. hippeastri y P. gutierrezi en caña de azúcar y café, respectivamente. P. bolivianus en helecho hoja de cuero y papa, P. penetrans en cebolla, fresa, gypsophila y lirio, P. zeae en arroz y caña de azúcar, mientras que P. speijeri en banano. El análisis filogenético corroboró la identidad de especies de Pratylenchus con excepciones de secuencias de: 1) banano, agrupada al grupo complejo P. coffeae, 2) caña de azúcar al grupo complejo P. hippeastri 3) cebolla y papa relacionados a P. crenatus, en un grupo independiente y 4) helecho de hoja de cuero y papa se agruparon con P. bolivianus con baja resolución. Conclusiones. Se encontraron nueve grupos genéticos de Pratylenchus, algunos de los cuales deben verificarse con otros marcadores moleculares para lograr una identificación concluyente.
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