Especies de Aspergillus asociadas a granos de maní (Arachis hypogaea L.) y frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivados en Costa Rica

Autores/as

  • Fabiola Carranza-Mesén Universidad de Costa Rica, Centro de Investigación en Granos y Semillas, San José, Costa Rica https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2959-7229
  • Mónica Blanco-Meneses Universidad de Costa Rica, Centro de Investigación en Protección de Cultivos, C.P. 11501, San José, Costa Rica https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2642-3899
  • Maria del Milagro Granados-Montero Universidad de Costa Rica, Estación Experimental Agrícola Fabio Baudrit Moreno, Alajuela, Costa Rica. Centro de Investigaciones en Estructuras Microscópicas, C.P. 11501, San José, Costa Rica https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0321-7729
  • Maria Vinas Meneses Universidad de Costa Rica, Centro de Investigación en Granos y Semillas, San José, Costa Rica

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15517/am.v33iEspecial.50810

Palabras clave:

hongos, micotoxinas, poscosecha, atoxigénicos

Resumen

Introducción. El frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) y el maní (Arachis hypogaea L.) son leguminosas consumidas en países en vías de desarrollo. Sin embargo, estos granos pueden estar contaminados con Aspergillus, un género de hongo que incluye especies productoras de micotoxinas. Objetivo. Identificar las especies de Aspergillus que colonizan los granos de frijol y maní en Costa Rica e identificar cepas atoxigénicas de A. flavusMateriales y métodos. Se recolectaron 83 muestras de granos de frijol común y 19 muestras de maní durante los años 2019 y 2020, en regiones productoras de estos cultivos en Costa Rica. El total de muestras se utilizaron para aislar e identificar las especies de Aspergillus, mediante secuenciación parcial de los genes ITS (espaciador transcrito interno) y cmd (calmodulina). También se identificaron cepas atoxigénicas de A. flavus por métodos químicos y moleculares. Resultados. Un 46 % y 32 % de las muestras recolectadas de frijol y maní, respectivamente, presentaron contaminación con Aspergillus spp. Se obtuvieron 85 aislamientos de Aspergillus en frijol, la mayoría pertenecientes a las especies A. flavus y A. niger. La mayor parte de los aislamientos de A. flavus se recuperaron de las variedades de frijol Cabécar (quince aislamientos) y Nambí (siete aislamientos), mientras que A. niger se aisló, en su mayoría, de la variedad Cabécar (once aislamientos). En el caso del maní, se obtuvieron trece aislamientos, la mayoría de ellos identificados como A. niger. No se encontraron cepas atoxigénicas en maní, sin embargo, en frijol se encontraron cinco cepas de A. flavus con esta característica. Conclusiones. El presente estudio demostró la diversidad de especies de Aspergillus que colonizan los granos de frijoles y maní en Costa Rica. La mayoría de las especies aisladas son productoras de micotoxinas que causan efectos adversos en la salud humana.

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Publicado

2022-09-06

Cómo citar

Carranza-Mesén, F., Blanco-Meneses, M., Granados-Montero, M. del M., & Vinas Meneses, M. (2022). Especies de Aspergillus asociadas a granos de maní (Arachis hypogaea L.) y frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivados en Costa Rica. Agronomía Mesoamericana, 33(Especial), 50810. https://doi.org/10.15517/am.v33iEspecial.50810

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