La criptosporidiosis como enfermedad zoonótica, una revisión

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15517/am.2023.51759

Palabras clave:

Coccidia, diarrea, factores de virulencia, gastroenteritis, protozoario

Resumen

Introducción. Cryptosporidium spp. es un parásito protozoario del grupo de los coccidios, causante de diarreas, trastornos gastroentéricos y respiratorios (baja frecuencia) en diferentes especies de vertebrados a nivel mundial, principalmente en individuos jóvenes. Objetivo. Documentar las características más importantes de virulencia y patogenia del Cryptosporidium spp. así como, la descripción de sus variantes genéticas y su potencial zoonótico. Desarrollo. Existen más de diecinueve especies de Criptosporidium spp., donde se destacan C. parvum (humanos) C. bovis (bovinos), C. suis (porcinos) y C. ubiquitum (aves), debido a su alta capacidad infectiva dada por la diversidad de sus factores de virulencia. El parásito posee afinidad por los enterocitos y genera anomalías en la absorción y funciones secretoras del intestino. La criptosporidiosis varía en función del estado del huésped (edad, nutrición e inmunología), la fuente de contaminación (agua o ingesta), transmisión e higiene. Existen técnicas de diagnóstico, desde pruebas coproscópicas convencionales hasta pruebas de biología molecular. Conclusión. Factores como la variabilidad y los factores de virulencia del Cryptosporidium spp, se consideran mecanismos que favorecen la infección y dispersión del parasito a nivel individual y grupal en humanos y animales domésticos, al igual que la complejidad del ciclo de vida, la resistencia a condiciones ambientales, la capacidad infectiva y la interacción con el huésped consolidan al Cryptosporidium spp. como un agente zoonótico con efectos económicos importantes.

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Publicado

2023-07-12

Cómo citar

Ramírez-Navarro, V., Lopera-Vásquez, R., & Rodríguez-Gutiérrez, V. (2023). La criptosporidiosis como enfermedad zoonótica, una revisión. Agronomía Mesoamericana, 34(3), 51759. https://doi.org/10.15517/am.2023.51759