Trazabilidad en el sector agrícola: una revisión para el periodo 2017 – 2022
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/am.v34i2.51828Palabras clave:
medición, trazabilidad de productos, cadena de suministro, tecnología, datos de producciónResumen
Introducción. La trazabilidad se considera en los sistemas empresariales como una herramienta de seguimiento y control enfocada en la medición y recolección de datos para la asignación eficiente de recursos. El sector agrícola no es ajeno a esta práctica porque al igual que otros sistemas industriales, integra necesidades de control a nivel de cultivo, abastecimiento de insumos, transformación, transporte y comercialización de productos. Objetivo. Identificar objetos y alcances de seguimiento, unidades de análisis y adopción de tendencias de trazabilidad en la cadena de suministro agrícola, para referenciar el desarrollo de estudios y publicaciones recientes que integran esta función de control en este sector. Desarrollo. La metodología aplicada se desarrolló a través de la búsqueda, selección y análisis de artículos en repositorios científicos como Science Direct y AGRIS, para identificar tendencias de trazabilidad agrícola en los años 2017 al 2022. Se reconocieron tendencias de aplicación e integración de los sistemas de trazabilidad en el sector agrícola entorno a distintos enfoques, entre ellos, la digitalización y seguridad de la información, la medición de la productividad agrícola y el impacto ambiental dentro del concepto de sostenibilidad. Se presentan en las conclusiones las líneas de investigación, así como las brechas de conocimiento para futuros trabajos. Conclusiones. Los resultados de la revisión en los últimos seis años enmarcan tendencias de trazabilidad en el seguimiento digital de procesos de cultivo, la medición de la productividad y el impacto ambiental. El grado de intervención directa en el productor representa la mayor proporción en la categoría del alcance logístico de trazabilidad. Por lo anterior, se recomienda a futuro el desarrollo de sistemas de trazabilidad que realicen seguimiento de indicadores de productividad, impacto ambiental y social de manera convergente, así como la participación integrada de actores del sector agrícola, entre ellos productores, asesores técnicos y entidades gubernamentales.
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