Levaduras aisladas de biofermentos de microorganismos de montaña, una opción para la nutrición vegetal

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15517/am.2023.52527

Palabras clave:

biofertilizante, auxinas, fósforo, potasio, solubilización

Resumen

Introducción. El fósforo y el potasio son nutrientes esenciales para el desarrollo vegetal; pero se encuentran poco disponibles en el suelo, haciendo necesaria la fertilización química o mineral, práctica ineficiente por ausencia de microorganismos solubilizadores. La aplicación de biofermentos de Microorganismos de Montaña (MM) es una alternativa, sin embargo, pocos estudios evidencian el potencial agronómico de las levaduras presentes en MM. Objetivo. Evaluar a nivel in vitro, la capacidad biofertilizante y promotora de crecimiento de levaduras antagonistas aisladas de biofermentos de MM. Materiales y métodos. Esta investigación se desarrolló den el 2019 en la Universidad de Medellín, Colombia. La capacidad biofertilizante se determinó al medir la solubilización de fósforo y potasio en medio sólido mediante halos de solubilización y en medio líquido al cuantificar el fósforo (PS) y potasio soluble (KS) en mg por litro. La actividad promotora de crecimiento, se determinó al cuantificar la producción de indol acético (AIA) de levaduras aisladas de biofermentos de MM. Como prueba adicional, se evaluó la producción de celulasas en medio carboximetil celulosa (CMC). Resultados. En el día seis, se evidenciaron las concentraciones más altas de PS y KS en medio líquido. En agar NBRIP como en caldo con roca P, el aislado GRB-LB05 evidenció un PS de 3,57 mg L-1 diferente a la de control. En agar NBRIP modificado y en caldo con feldespato, GRB-LB01 presentó el menor pH y bajo KS, mientras que, GRB-LB12 (1,32 mg L-1) y GRB-LB02 (1,12 mg L-1) registraron las concentraciones más altas. La levadura GRB-LB06 fue la más promisoria (12 mg L-1) en la producción de AIA, seguida de GRB-LB13. Conclusiones. Las levaduras antagonistas aisladas de biofermentos líquidos de MM mostraron capacidad biofertilizante y promotora del crecimiento, el aislamiento GRB-LB12 (Suhomyces xylopsoci) fue la de mayor solubilización de producción de P, K, AIA y capacidad celulolítica.

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Publicado

2023-07-14

Cómo citar

Mora-López, M., López-Restrepo, D. A., Osorio-Echeverri, V. M., & Botero-Botero, L. R. (2023). Levaduras aisladas de biofermentos de microorganismos de montaña, una opción para la nutrición vegetal. Agronomía Mesoamericana, 34(3), 52527. https://doi.org/10.15517/am.2023.52527