Etiquetado, consumo responsable y sostenible de alimentos: la percepción del consumidor en Costa Rica

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15517/am.2024.57900

Palabras clave:

Sostenibilidad ambiental, encuestas al consumidor, etiquetado en los alimentos, preferencias del consumidor, estadísticas del consumo de alimentos

Resumen

Introducción. Durante las últimas décadas, se ha observado un creciente interés por parte de los consumidores en productos agroalimentarios sostenibles. Debido a esto, han surgido normativas voluntarias que se han convertido en una herramienta para promover la sostenibilidad en la producción y el consumo en las cadenas de valor agroalimentarias. Objetivo. Evaluar el perfil de los consumidores y el grado de conocimiento sobre sellos de sostenibilidad de los productos agrícolas en los mercados costarricenses. Materiales y métodos. Durante los meses de octubre y noviembre de 2021, se llevó a cabo una encuesta virtual a nivel nacional a través de la plataforma Qualtrics de la que se recopilaron 397 respuestas válidas. Los sellos de sostenibilidad considerados fueron certificaciones de producción orgánica, comercio justo, denominación de origen, marca país Esencial Costa Rica y carbono neutral. Se empleó el modelo de regresión de Poisson (PRM) para estudiar el comportamiento de las variables, con el software Stata versión 16.0. Resultados. El sello Esencial Costa Rica es el más reconocido. Las personas que residen en la Gran Área Metropolitana están más familiarizadas con diversos sellos. La variable de ingresos resultó ser un factor significativo; las personas con ingresos más altos tienden a identificar y valorar más los sellos de sostenibilidad. Los niveles de conocimiento y consumo de productos certificados aumentan cuando el consumidor posee algún vínculo con el sector agropecuario. Conclusiones. El interés de las personas en productos certificados no se ve reflejado en el comportamiento de compra, debido, en parte, al precio de los productos, la falta de confianza o el exceso de información en las etiquetas. Los hallazgos del estudio permiten a las empresas definir sus estrategias de comercialización según las características de los consumidores de estos productos diferenciados.

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Publicado

2025-01-16

Cómo citar

Gómez Castillo, D., Barrantes Aguilar, L., & Quesada Quesada, Y. (2025). Etiquetado, consumo responsable y sostenible de alimentos: la percepción del consumidor en Costa Rica. Agronomía Mesoamericana, 36, 57900. https://doi.org/10.15517/am.2024.57900