Supplementary Files
Keywords
vísceras bovinas
parámetros zootécnicos
alternativa alimenticia
análisis económico
acuariofilia
Poecilia reticulata
bovine viscera
zootechnical parameters
feed alternative
economic analysis
aquarium hobby
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to validate the inclusion of bovine viscera in the diet of Guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata) as an economically viable and attractive alternative, through the evaluation of growth and reproductive performance including dehydrated bovine heart and kidney in the formulation of feed rations. The 60-day investigation was conducted at the Aquaculture Module of the Alfredo Volio Mata Experimental Station (EEAVM), using 320 animals 30 ± 2 days of age. After a fifteen-day acclimatization period, 20 individuals were randomly assigned per tank. Four experimental treatments were used: Control, which included only commercial balanced feed (BF) for Guppy fish; Treatment 1 (T1), which was composed of only commercial BF for the Tilapia-starting phase; Treatment 2 (T2), which was formulated with 52.5% commercial BF for Tilapia-phase starting phase and 47.5% dehydrated bovine heart; and Treatment 3 (T3), that was integrated with 45.3% commercial BF for Tilapia-initiation phase and 54.7% dehydrated bovine kidney. General anesthesia was used in the animals every 15 days to take measurements of total weight gain (GPT), specific growth rate (SGR), thermal growth coefficient (CTC), feed conversion (FCR), and condition factor of Fulton (K). Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in general average weight gain (GPg) and average weight gain for females (GPh) between T1 and the rest of the treatments, with no differences between the latter. No significant differences were observed for the fecundity variable between treatments (p > 0.05), however, there was a trend (p = 0.091) of a greater number of births in treatments T2 and T3. The economic analysis showed that the Control treatment has the highest cost, followed by T3, T2, and T1, respectively. This is the reason why the use of bovine viscera, in combination with commercial foods, is considered a technically and economically viable alternative.
References
Adil, Ş., Şişman, T., y Ü. İncekara. 2014. An investigation on the growth and reproductive performance of Poecilia reticulata Peters (Cyprinodontiformes: Cyprinidae) fed diets with dried insects. Minis Entomology / Zoology, 9 (2): 638-644.
Alao, B. O., A. B. Falowo, A. Chulayo y V. Muchenje. 2017. The potential of animal by-products in food systems: production, prospects and challenges. Sustainability, 9 (7): 1089. doi: 10.3390/su9071089.
Alfaia, C. M., S. P. Alves, J. M. Pestana, M. S. Madeira, O. Moreira, J. Santos-Silva, R. J. Bessa, F. Toldrá, y J. A. Prates. 2017. Distinct fatty acid composition of some edible by-products from bovines fed high or low silage diets. Food Science and Technology International, 23 (3): 209-221. doi: 10.1177/1082013216674137
Ali-Wazir, A., M. A. Hussain, Q. A. Shah, S. Ahmad, I. Kakar, y I. Ahmed. 2021. Evaluation of physico-chemical characteristics of meat and edible offals of cattle. Pak-Euro Journal of Medical and Life Sciences, 4 (4). doi: 10.31580/pjmls.v4i04.2175
Allen, P. E., M. D. Barquero, E. Bermúdez, J. C. Calderón, B. Hilje, W. Pineda, G. Saborío-Rodríguez, V. Arguedas, y E. Chacón-Madrigal. 2017. Calling for more accurate information in aquarium trade: Analysis of live-fish import permits in Costa Rica. Management of Biological Invasions, 8 (4): 533-542. doi: 10.3391/mbi.2017.8.4.08
Altaf, P., y K. Mohanta. 2016. Development of cost effective nutritionally balanced food for freshwater ornamental fish Black Molly (Poecilia latipinna). Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development, 7 (2). doi: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000401
AOAC International. 2023. Official Methods of Analysis. 22th Edition, The Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
Biel, W., E. Czerniawska, y A. Kowalczyk. 2019. Offal chemical composition from veal, beef, and lamb maintained in organic production systems. Animals, 9 (8). doi: 10.3390/ani9080489
Canales, C., K. Alvarado, M. Carbajal, R. Martínez y L. C. Marroquín. 2019. Adaptación al cautiverio de las especies; Anableps dowei, Poecilia gillii, Amatlitania nigrofasciata, para el desarrollo de la acuariología en la zona sur de Honduras. Portal de la Ciencia, 16, 52-63. doi: 10.5377/pc.v0i16.8095
Chacón, J., M. Carvajal-Oses, Á. Herrera-Ulloa, y S. Pauletto. 2019. Concentración y tiempo máximo de exposición de juveniles de pargo manchado Lutjanus guttatus al eugenol Syzygium aromaticum. Revista Ciencias Marinas y Costeras, 11 (1): 9. doi: 10.15359/revmar.11-1.1
Coad, B. W. 2017. Review of the livebearer fishes of Iran (Family Poeciliidae). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 4 (4). doi: 10.22034/iji.v4i4.232
Cuadros, J., F. Mora, y J. Quiñones. 2023. Revisión sistemática de suplementación de harina, a base de vísceras de pollo, en la alimentación sostenible en diferentes especies. Tesis Bach., Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Santander, Colombia.
Deacon, A. 2023. Poecilia reticulata (guppy). CABI Compendium, CABI Compendium, 68208. doi: 10.1079/cabicompendium.68208
Devi, A., A. Surendran, y A. Thatheus. 2019. Effect of chosen artificial fish feeds on the growth rate of the black molly, Poecilia sphenops. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, 2 (1): 1-5.
Evers, H. G., J. K. Pinnegar, y M. I. Taylor. 2019. Where are they all from? – Sources and sustainability in the ornamental freshwater fish trade. Journal of Fish Biology, 94 (6): 909-916. doi: 10.1111/jfb.13930
Fattahi, N., R. Patimar, y A. Bahalkeh. 2021. Some reproductive biology parameters of mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859 (Poeciliidae) in some waterbodies of southeastern Caspian basin, Iran. International Journal of Aquatic Biology, 6 (6): 343-353. doi: 10.22034/ijab.v6i6.527
Florek, M., Z. Litwińczuk, P. Skałecki, M. Kędzierska-Matysek, y T. Grodzicki. 2012. Chemical composition and inherent properties of offal from calves maintained under two production systems. Meat Science, 90 (2): 402-409. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.08.007
Görelşahin, S., M. Yanar, y M. Kumlu. 2018. The effects of stocking density, Tubifex feeding and monosex culture on growth performance of guppy (Poecilia reticulata) in a closed indoor recirculation system. Aquaculture, 493: 153-157. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.05.004
Gruber, A., I. Pop, B. Păsărin, G. Hoha, C. Radu-Rusu y R. Radu-Rusu. 2013. Influence of the protein quantity from combined fodder on the corporal development of guppy (Poecilia reticulata). AACL Bioflux, 6(2). doi: 10.13140/RG.2.1.4439.5688
Harpaz, S., Y. Hakim, A. Barki, I. Karplus, T. Slosman, y O. T. Eroldogan. 2005. Effects of different feeding levels during day and/or night on growth and brush-border enzyme activity in juvenile Lates calcarifer reared in freshwater re-circulating tanks. Aquaculture, 248 (1-4): 325-335. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.04.033
IAFFD (International Aquaculture Feed Formulation Database). 2023. Aquaculture Species Nutritional Specifications Database. Disponible en: https://app.iaffd.com/asns
IBM. 2017. IBM SPSS Statistics (25) (Software). https://www.ibm.com/products/spss-statistics
Imai, M., T. Mizoguchi, M. Wang, Y. Li, Y. Hasegawa, A. Tonoki, y M. Itoh. 2022. The guppy (Poecilia reticulata) is a useful model for analyzing age-dependent changes in metabolism, motor function, and gene expression. Experimental Gerontology, 160: 111708. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111708
IMN (Instituto Meteorológico Nacional). 2023. Boletín meteorológico—IMN. https://www.imn.ac.cr/boletin-meteorologico. Consultado dic., 20, 2023.
Jobling, M. 2016. Fish nutrition research: Past, present and future. Aquaculture International, 24 (3): 767-786. Scopus. doi: 10.1007/s10499-014-9875-2
Kowalska, J., M. Rawski, N. Homska, Z. Mikołajczak, B. Kierończyk, S. Świątkiewicz, R. Wachowiak, K. Hetmańczyk, y J. Mazurkiewicz. 2021. The first insight into full-fat superworm meal in Guppy diets: A study on multiple-choice feeding preferences and growth performance. Annals of Animal Science, 22 (1): 371-384. doi: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0072
Kumaratunga, P. H. S., y K. Radampola. 2019. Effect of different commercial feeds on growth and reproductive performance of Guppy, Poecilia reticulata. Peters, 7 (1). doi: 10.4038/jur.v7i1.7930
Kwikiriza, G., A. Wadunde, I. Abaho, C. Ondhoro, y V. Namulawa. 2016. Proximate nutrient composition and cost of the selected potential fish feed ingredients in Lake Victoria basin, Uganda. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 4 (3): 611-615.
Lawal, M. O., C. A. Edokpayi y A. O. Osibona. 2012. Food and feeding habits of the Guppy, Poecilia reticulata, from drainage canal systems in Lagos Southwestern Nigeria. West African Journal of Applied Ecology, 20(2), 1-9.
Lorenzo, J. D., T. Del Carmen Cerino Frías, R. M. García, C. González, M. De Jesús Contreras-García, A. M. Vera, y L. Rosado. 2018. Los lípidos en los peces y los aportes benéficos en la salud humana. Kuxulkab’, 23 (47): 23-30. doi: 10.19136/kuxulkab.a23n47.1515
Ludwiczak, A., J. Składanowska, y M. Stanisz. 2020. Effect of age and sex on the quality of offal and meat of the Wild Boar (Sus scrofa). Animals, 10 (4): 1-10. doi: 10.3390/ani10040660
Maceda-Veiga, A., O. Domínguez-Domínguez, J. Escribano-Alacid, and J. Lyons. 2016. The aquarium hobby: Can sinners become saints in freshwater fish conservation? Fish and Fisheries, 17 (3): 860-874. doi: 10.1111/faf.12097
Maysonnave, G. S., F. N. Vaz, M. M. De Ávila, L. L. Pascoal, y A. C. T. Rodrigues. 2020. Physicochemical characterization of by-products from beef cattle slaughter and economic feasibility of commercialization. Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences, 42: 5-6. doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v42i1.46545
Mohideen, A. K. S., M. A. Sheriff, y K. Altaff. 2014. Effect of three different feeds on the growth and survival of sailfin molly Poecilia latipinna (Lesueur, 1821). Revelation and Science, 4 (1): 1.
Moore, K. L., A. Agur, y A. Dalley. 2015. Fundamentos de anatomía con orientación clínica 5th Ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. https://www.edicionesjournal.com/E-Book/9788417370329/Anatom%C3%ADa+Con+Orientaci%C3%B3n+Cl%C3%ADnica+Ed++8+(Ebook)
Nishshanka, K. M., K. Radampola, y V. Bulugahapitiya. 2022. Effects of partial replacement of dietary fishmeal using plant-protein sources on the growth performance, coloration and liver histology of guppy fry (Poecilia reticulata) in outdoor farming conditions. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 34 (3): 715-733. doi: 10.1080/10454438.2021.1886216
O’Dea, R. E., R. Vega-Trejo, M. L. Head, y M. D. Jennions. 2015. Maternal effects on offspring size and number in mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki. Ecology and Evolution, 5 (14): 2945-2955. doi: 10.1002/ece3.1577
Perera, G. S. C., y R. C. Bhujel. 2022. Replacement of fishmeal by house cricket (Acheta domesticus) and field cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) meals: Effect for growth, pigmentation, and breeding performances of guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Aquaculture Reports, 25: 101260. doi: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2022.101260
Programa Estado de La Nación. 2014. Programa Estado de La Nación en desarrollo humano sostenible. Gobierno de Costa Rica. 400–401 p. https://estadonacion.or.cr/informes/
Rezaei, V., N. Ahmadifard, A. Tukmechi y N. Agh. 2019. Improvement of reproductive indices, lysozyme activity, and disease resistance in live-bearing ornamental fish, Poecilia latipinna using Artemia supplementation with treated yeast cell, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Aquaculture Research, 50(1), 72-79. doi: 10.1111/are.13869
Santamaria-Arce, W. M., y B. E. J. Inga-Uruchi. 2019. Determinación de la digestibilidad proteica in vitro de harina de grillo “Gryllus assimilis”. Tesis Lic., Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú. https://repositorio.upeu.edu.pe/handle/20.500.12840/2946
Satam, S., N. Sawant, M. Ghughuskar, V. Sahastrabuddhe, V. Naik, A. Pagarkar, N. Chogale, S. Metar, K. Shinde, V. Sadawarte, A. Sawant, H. Singh, P. Sawant, V. Patil, A. Rane, P. Haldankar, y T. Bhattacharyya. 2018. Ornamental fisheries: A new avenue to supplement farm income. Advanced Agricultural Research & Technology, 2 (2).
Sharon, G., S. Fridman, N. Reiss-Hevlin, T. Sinai, P. Boisot, y D. Zilberg. 2016. Effects of different commercial diets on growth performance, health and resistance to Tetrahymena sp. Infection in guppies, Poecilia reticulata (Peters). Aquaculture Research, 47 (7): 2276-2286. doi: 10.1111/are.12679
Sirimanna, S. R., y C. Dissanayake. 2019. Effects of culture conditions on growth and survival of Poecilia sphenops and Poecilia reticulata. International Journal of Aquatic Biology, 7 (4): 202-210. doi: 10.22034/ijab.v7i4.570
Soto, S. 2021. Las causas detrás del alto costo en el primer semestre de concentrados para animales. AGRONEGOCIOS. Consultado jul., 15, 2023.
Toldrá, F. 2017. Lawrie’s Meat Science. 8th Ed. Elsevier Science & Technology. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/sibdilibro-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4852032
Toldrá, F., L. Mora, y M. Reig, M. 2016. New insights into meat by-product utilization. Meat Science, 120: 54-59. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.04.021
United Nations Comtrade. 2022. UN Comtrade Database. https://comtradeplus.un.org/TradeFlowFrequency=A&Flows=X&CommodityCodes=030119&Partners=188&Reporters=all&period=2021&AggregateBy=none&BreakdownMode=plus. Consultado nov., 21, 2023.
Urriola-Hernández, M., J. Cabrera-Peña, y M. Protti-Quesada. 2004. Fecundidad, fertilidad e índice gonadosomático de Poecilia reticulata (Pisces:Poeciliidae) en Heredia, Costa Rica. Biología Tropical, 52 (4): 945-950.
USDA (United States Deparment of Agriculture). 2019. Food Data Central. Food Data Beef Meat Raw USA. https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/
Velasco, J. S., y M. C. Gutiérrez. 2019. Aspectos nutricionales de peces ornamentales de agua dulce. Revista Politécnica, 15 (30): 82-93. doi: 10.33571/rpolitec.v15n30a8
WinFeed (UK) Limited. 2018. Winfeed (2.8) (Software). https://www.winfeed.com/
Xie, D., J. Jin, J. Sun, L. Liang, X. Wang, W. Zhang, X. Wang, y Q. Jin. 2017. Comparison of solvents for extraction of krill oil from krill meal: Lipid yield, phospholipids content, fatty acids composition and minor components. Food Chemistry, 233: 434-441. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.138
Zumbado-Salas, A., A. Chacón–Villalobos, y J. I. Herrera‐Muñoz. 2022. Efecto sobre parámetros zootécnicos y composición tisular de tilapia aurea (Oreochromis aureus) alimentada con lombriz roja (Eisenia foetida). Nutrición Animal Tropical, 16 (2): 1-34. doi: 10.15517/nat.v16i2.5223
##plugins.facebook.comentarios##
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.