Alfaro-Shigueto, J., Mangel, J. C., Pajuelo, M., Dutton, P., Seminoffc, J., Brendan, J., & Godle, J. (2010). Where small can have a large impact: Structure and characterization of small-scale fisheries in Peru. Fisheries Research, 106, 8-17.
Ahmed, N., Rahman, S., Bunting, S., & Brugere, C. (2013). Socio-economic and ecological challenges of small-scale fishing and strategies for its sustainable management: A case of study of the Old Brahmaputra River, Bangladesh. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 34, 86-102. doi:10.1111/sjtg.12015
Andrew, N., Béné, C., Hall, S., Allison, E., Heck, S., & Ratner, B. (2007). Diagnosis and management of small-scale fisheries in developing countries. Fish and Fisheries, 8, 227-40.
Arceo, P. & Seijo, J. C. (1991). Fishing effort analysis of the small-scale spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) fleet of the Yucatan shelf. FAO Fisheries Report, 431, 59-74.
Béné, C. & Tewfik, A. (2001). Fishing effort allocation and fishermen’s decision making process in a multi-species small-scale fishery: analysis of the conch and lobster fishery in Turks and Caicos Islands. Human Ecology, 29, 157-186.
Béné, C. (2003). When fishery rhymes with poverty: a first step beyond the old paradigm on poverty in small-scale fisheries. World Development, 31, 949-975.
Binkley, M. (2000). “Getting by” in troubled times: coping with the fisheries crisis. Women´s Studies International Forum, 23, 323-332.
Caddy, J. F. & Defeo, O. (2003). Enhancing or restoring the productivity of natural populations of shellfish and other marine invertebrate resources. (FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 448). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Clark, C. W. (1982). Concentration profiles and the production and management of marine fisheries. In W. Eichhorn, R. Henn, K. Neumann, & W. Shephard (Eds.), Economic theory of natural resources (pp. 97-112). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
Daw, T. M. (2008). Spatial distribution of effort by artisanal fishers: Exploring economic factors affecting the lobster fisheries of the Corn Islands, Nicaragua. Fisheries Research, 90, 17-25.
Daw, T. M., Robinson, J., & Graham, N. A. (2011). Perceptions of trends in Seychelles artisanal trap fisheries: comparing catch monitoring, underwater visual census and fishers’ knowledge. Environmental Conservation, 38, 75-88.
Defeo, O. & Castilla, J. C. (2005). More than one bag for the world fishery crisis and keys for co-management successes in selected artisanal Latin American shellfisheries. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 15, 265-283.
Donkin, R. A. (1998). Beyond price: pearls and pearl fishing: origins to the age of discoveries. Philadelphia, U.S.A.: American Philosophical Society.
Edgington, E. S. & Onghena, P. (2007). Randomization Tests. Florida, U.S.A.: Chapman & Hall.
Eriksson, H., de la Torre-Castro, M., & Olsson, P. (2012). Mobility, Expansion and Management of a Multi-Species Scuba Diving Fishery in East Africa. PLoS ONE, 7(4).
FAO. (2006). Informe del quinto Taller Regional sobre la Evaluación y la Ordenación de la Langosta Común del Caribe. Mérida, Yucatán, México. (FAO, Informe de Pesca No. 826). Roma: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Gillett, R. & Moy, W. (2006). Spearfishing in the Pacific Islands, Current Status and Management Issues. (FAO/FishCode Review. No. 19). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Graham, N. J., Wilson, S., Jennings, S., Polunin, N., Robinson, J., Bijoux, J., & Daw, T. (2007). Lag effects in the impacts of mass coral bleaching on coral reef fish, fisheries, and ecosystems. Conservation Biology, 21, 1291-1300.
Hawkins, J. P. & Roberts, C. (2004). Effects of Artisanal Fishing on Caribbean Coral Reefs. Conservation Biology, 18, 215-226.
Herrera-Ulloa, A., Villalobos-Chacón, L., Palacios-Villegas, J., Viquez-Portuguéz, R., & Oro-Marcos, G. (2011). Coastal fisheries of Costa Rica. In S. Salas, R. Chuenpagdee, J. C. Seijo, & A. Charles (Eds.), Coastal Fisheries of Latin America and the Caribbean (pp. 137-153). (FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper. No. 544). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Hobday, A. L., Tegner, M., & Haaker, P. (2001). Over-exploitation of a broadcast spawning invertebrate: decline of the white abalone. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 10, 493-514.
Horta e Costa, B., Batista, M. I., Goncalves, L., Erzini, K., Caselle, J. E., Cabral, H. N., & Goncalves, E. J. (2013). Fishers’ Behaviour in Response to the Implementation of a Marine Protected Area. PLoS ONE, 8(6), e65057. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065057
Horta, S. & Defeo, O. (2012). The spatial dynamics of the whitemouth croaker artisanal fishery in Uruguay and interdependencies with the industrial fleet. Fisheries Research, 125-126, 121-128.
Huchim-Lara, R., Fraga, J., & Salas, S. (2012). Fishermen Social and Cultural Behavior Associated to Decompression Sickness in Lobster Fisheries from the Eastern Coast of Yucatan. Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, 64, 142-146.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos. (2012). Estadísticas por región. San José, Costa Rica. Disponible en http://www.inec.go.cr/Web/Home/pagPrincipal.aspx
Karlson, R. H. & Levitan, D. (1990). Recruitment-limitation in open populations of Diadema antillarum: an evaluation. Oecologia, 82, 40-44.
Katsanevakis, S., Maravelias, C. D., Vassilopoulou, V., & Haralabous, J. (2010). Boat seines in Greece: landings profiles and identification of potential métiers. Scientia Marina, 74, 65-76.
Kronen, M. (2004). Fishing for fortunes?: A socio-economic assessment of Tonga's artisanal fisheries. Fisheries Research, 70, 121-134.
Lopes, P. F. M. & Begossi, A. (2011). Decision-making processes by small-scale fishermen on the southeast coast of Brazil. Fisheries Management and Ecology, 18, 400-410.
Manly, B. F. (1991). Randomization and Monte Carlo Methods in Biology. New York, U.S.A.: Chapman & Hall.
Maunder, M. N. & Punt A. E. (2004). Standardizing catch and effort data: a review of recent approaches. Fisheries Research, 70, 141-159.
Moberg, F. & Folke, C. (1999). Ecological goods and services of coral reef ecosystem. Ecological Economics, 29, 215-233.
Monroy, C., Salas, S., & Bello-Pineda, J. (2010). Dynamics of fishing gear and spatial allocation of fishing effort in a multispecies fleet. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 30, 1187-1202.
Morsan, E. M. (2007). Spatial pattern, harvesting and management of the artisanal fishery for purple clam (Amiantis purpurata) in Patagonia (Argentina). Ocean & Coastal Management, 50, 481-497.
Moses, B. S., Udoidiong, O. M., & Okon, A. (2002). A statistical survey of the artisanal fisheries of south-eastern Nigeria and the influence of hydroclimatic factors on catch and resource productivity. Fisheries Research, 57, 267-278.
Naranjo, M. H. (2010). Caracterización de los sistemas operacionales, modalidades y artes de pesca utilizados para la captura de la langosta Panulirus gracilis (Streets, 1871) en Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Revista Ciencias Marinas y Costeras, 2, 73-82.
Naranjo, M. H. (2011). Biología pesquera de la langosta Panulirus gracilis (Streets, 1871) en Playa Lagarto, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical, 59, 619-633.
Naranjo, M. H. (2012). Patrón reproductivo y talla media de madurez sexual de hembras de la langosta Panulirus gracilis (Decapoda: Palinuridae) en Playa Lagarto, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical, 60, 1783-1793.
Navarte, M., González, R., & Filipo, P. (2007). Artisanal mollusk fisheries in San Matías Gulf (Patagonia, Argentina): An appraisal of the factors contributing to unsustainability. Fisheries Research, 87, 68-76.
Plagányi, E., van Putten, I., Hutton, T., Deng, R. A., Dennis, D., Pascoe, S., Skewes, T., & Campbell, R. A. (2013). Integrating indigenous livelihood and lifestyle objectives in managing a natural resource. PNAS, 110, 3639-3644.
Pollnac, R. B. & Poggie, J. (2008). Happiness, well-being and psychocultural adaptation to the stresses associated with marine fishing. Human Ecology Review, 15, 194-200.
Purcell, S., Mercier, A., Conand, C., Hamel, J., & Toral-Granda, M. (2011). Sea cucumber fisheries: global analysis of stocks, management measures and drivers of overfishing. Fish and Fisheries, 14, 34-59.
R Core Team. (2012). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R
Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. v.2.15.0. ISBN 3-900051-07-0, URL http://www.R-project.org/
Riolo, F. (2006). A geographic information system for fisheries management in American Samoa. Environmental Modelleling & Software, 21, 1025-1041.
Ríos-Lara, V., Salas, S., Javier, B., & Ayora, P. (2007). Distribution patterns of spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) at Alacranes reef, Yucatan: Spatial analysis and inference of preferential habitat. Fisheries Research, 87, 35-45.
Sabetian, A. (2010). Parrotfish Fisheries and Population Dynamics: A Case Study from Solomon Islands. (Doctoral Dissertation). James Cook University, Australia. Retrieved from http://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/11744/
Salas, S. & Gaertner, D. (2004). The behavioural dynamics of fishers: Management implications. Fish and Fisheries, 5, 153-167.
Salas, S., Chuenpagdee, R., Seijo, J. C., & Charles, A. (2007). Challenges in the assessment and management of small-scale fisheries in Latin America and the Caribbean. Fisheries Research, 87, 5-16.
Salas, S., Chuenpagdee, R., Seijo, J. C., & Charles, A. (2011). Coastal Fisheries of Latin America and the Caribbean. (FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper. No. 544). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Sadovy, Y. (2005). Trouble on the reef: the imperative for managing vulnerable and valuable fisheries. Fish and Fisheries, 6, 167-185.
Shester, G. G. (2010). Explaining catch variation among Baja California lobster fishers through spatial analysis of trap-placement decisions. Bulletin of Marine Science, 86, 479-498.
Smith, S., Jacob, S., & Jepson, M. (2003). After the Florida net ban: the impacts on commercial fishing families. Society & Natural Resources, 16, 39-59.
Stevenson, T. C., Brian, N., & Dierking, J. (2011). Fisher behaviour influences catch productivity and selectivity in West Hawaii’s aquarium fishery. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68, 813-822.
van Putten, I. E., Kulmala, S., Thébaud, O., Dowling, N., Hamon, K. G., Hutton, T., & Pascoe, S. (2012). Theories and behavioural drivers underlying fleet dynamics models. Fish and Fisheries, 13, 216-235.
Voges, E., Gordoa, A., & Field, J. (2005). Dynamics of the Namibian hake fleet and management connotations: applications of the ideal free distribution. Scientia Marina, 69, 285-293.
Wang, Y., Neuman, U., Wright, S. T., & Warton, D. I. (2012). mvabund: an R package for model-based analysis of multivariate abundance data. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 3, 471-474.
Warton, D. I., Wright, S. T., & Wang, Y. (2012). Distance-based multivariate analyses confound location and dispersion effects. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 3, 89-101.
Whitley, D. (1994). A genetic algorithm tutorial. Statistics and Computing, 4, 65-85.
Wood, S. N. (2006). Generalized Additive Models: An Introduction with R. New York, U.S.A.: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
Worm, B., Hilborn, R., Baum, J. K., Branch, T. A., Collie, J. S., Costello, C., Fogarty, M. J., Fulton, E. A., Hutchings, J. A., Jennings, S., Jensen, O. P., Lotze, H. K., Mace, P. M., McClanahan, T. R., Minto, C., Palumbi, S. R., Parma, A. M., Ricard, D., Rosenberg, A. A., Watson, R., & Zeller, D. (2009). Rebuilding global fisheries. Science, 325, 578-585.
Zuur, F. A., Leno, E., Walker, N. J., Saveliev, A., & Smith, G. M. (2009). Mixed effects models and extensions in ecology with R. New York, U.S.A.: Springer Science.
Ahmed, N., Rahman, S., Bunting, S., & Brugere, C. (2013). Socio-economic and ecological challenges of small-scale fishing and strategies for its sustainable management: A case of study of the Old Brahmaputra River, Bangladesh. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 34, 86-102. doi:10.1111/sjtg.12015
Andrew, N., Béné, C., Hall, S., Allison, E., Heck, S., & Ratner, B. (2007). Diagnosis and management of small-scale fisheries in developing countries. Fish and Fisheries, 8, 227-40.
Arceo, P. & Seijo, J. C. (1991). Fishing effort analysis of the small-scale spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) fleet of the Yucatan shelf. FAO Fisheries Report, 431, 59-74.
Béné, C. & Tewfik, A. (2001). Fishing effort allocation and fishermen’s decision making process in a multi-species small-scale fishery: analysis of the conch and lobster fishery in Turks and Caicos Islands. Human Ecology, 29, 157-186.
Béné, C. (2003). When fishery rhymes with poverty: a first step beyond the old paradigm on poverty in small-scale fisheries. World Development, 31, 949-975.
Binkley, M. (2000). “Getting by” in troubled times: coping with the fisheries crisis. Women´s Studies International Forum, 23, 323-332.
Caddy, J. F. & Defeo, O. (2003). Enhancing or restoring the productivity of natural populations of shellfish and other marine invertebrate resources. (FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 448). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Clark, C. W. (1982). Concentration profiles and the production and management of marine fisheries. In W. Eichhorn, R. Henn, K. Neumann, & W. Shephard (Eds.), Economic theory of natural resources (pp. 97-112). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
Daw, T. M. (2008). Spatial distribution of effort by artisanal fishers: Exploring economic factors affecting the lobster fisheries of the Corn Islands, Nicaragua. Fisheries Research, 90, 17-25.
Daw, T. M., Robinson, J., & Graham, N. A. (2011). Perceptions of trends in Seychelles artisanal trap fisheries: comparing catch monitoring, underwater visual census and fishers’ knowledge. Environmental Conservation, 38, 75-88.
Defeo, O. & Castilla, J. C. (2005). More than one bag for the world fishery crisis and keys for co-management successes in selected artisanal Latin American shellfisheries. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 15, 265-283.
Donkin, R. A. (1998). Beyond price: pearls and pearl fishing: origins to the age of discoveries. Philadelphia, U.S.A.: American Philosophical Society.
Edgington, E. S. & Onghena, P. (2007). Randomization Tests. Florida, U.S.A.: Chapman & Hall.
Eriksson, H., de la Torre-Castro, M., & Olsson, P. (2012). Mobility, Expansion and Management of a Multi-Species Scuba Diving Fishery in East Africa. PLoS ONE, 7(4).
FAO. (2006). Informe del quinto Taller Regional sobre la Evaluación y la Ordenación de la Langosta Común del Caribe. Mérida, Yucatán, México. (FAO, Informe de Pesca No. 826). Roma: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Gillett, R. & Moy, W. (2006). Spearfishing in the Pacific Islands, Current Status and Management Issues. (FAO/FishCode Review. No. 19). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Graham, N. J., Wilson, S., Jennings, S., Polunin, N., Robinson, J., Bijoux, J., & Daw, T. (2007). Lag effects in the impacts of mass coral bleaching on coral reef fish, fisheries, and ecosystems. Conservation Biology, 21, 1291-1300.
Hawkins, J. P. & Roberts, C. (2004). Effects of Artisanal Fishing on Caribbean Coral Reefs. Conservation Biology, 18, 215-226.
Herrera-Ulloa, A., Villalobos-Chacón, L., Palacios-Villegas, J., Viquez-Portuguéz, R., & Oro-Marcos, G. (2011). Coastal fisheries of Costa Rica. In S. Salas, R. Chuenpagdee, J. C. Seijo, & A. Charles (Eds.), Coastal Fisheries of Latin America and the Caribbean (pp. 137-153). (FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper. No. 544). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Hobday, A. L., Tegner, M., & Haaker, P. (2001). Over-exploitation of a broadcast spawning invertebrate: decline of the white abalone. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 10, 493-514.
Horta e Costa, B., Batista, M. I., Goncalves, L., Erzini, K., Caselle, J. E., Cabral, H. N., & Goncalves, E. J. (2013). Fishers’ Behaviour in Response to the Implementation of a Marine Protected Area. PLoS ONE, 8(6), e65057. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065057
Horta, S. & Defeo, O. (2012). The spatial dynamics of the whitemouth croaker artisanal fishery in Uruguay and interdependencies with the industrial fleet. Fisheries Research, 125-126, 121-128.
Huchim-Lara, R., Fraga, J., & Salas, S. (2012). Fishermen Social and Cultural Behavior Associated to Decompression Sickness in Lobster Fisheries from the Eastern Coast of Yucatan. Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, 64, 142-146.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos. (2012). Estadísticas por región. San José, Costa Rica. Disponible en http://www.inec.go.cr/Web/Home/pagPrincipal.aspx
Karlson, R. H. & Levitan, D. (1990). Recruitment-limitation in open populations of Diadema antillarum: an evaluation. Oecologia, 82, 40-44.
Katsanevakis, S., Maravelias, C. D., Vassilopoulou, V., & Haralabous, J. (2010). Boat seines in Greece: landings profiles and identification of potential métiers. Scientia Marina, 74, 65-76.
Kronen, M. (2004). Fishing for fortunes?: A socio-economic assessment of Tonga's artisanal fisheries. Fisheries Research, 70, 121-134.
Lopes, P. F. M. & Begossi, A. (2011). Decision-making processes by small-scale fishermen on the southeast coast of Brazil. Fisheries Management and Ecology, 18, 400-410.
Manly, B. F. (1991). Randomization and Monte Carlo Methods in Biology. New York, U.S.A.: Chapman & Hall.
Maunder, M. N. & Punt A. E. (2004). Standardizing catch and effort data: a review of recent approaches. Fisheries Research, 70, 141-159.
Moberg, F. & Folke, C. (1999). Ecological goods and services of coral reef ecosystem. Ecological Economics, 29, 215-233.
Monroy, C., Salas, S., & Bello-Pineda, J. (2010). Dynamics of fishing gear and spatial allocation of fishing effort in a multispecies fleet. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 30, 1187-1202.
Morsan, E. M. (2007). Spatial pattern, harvesting and management of the artisanal fishery for purple clam (Amiantis purpurata) in Patagonia (Argentina). Ocean & Coastal Management, 50, 481-497.
Moses, B. S., Udoidiong, O. M., & Okon, A. (2002). A statistical survey of the artisanal fisheries of south-eastern Nigeria and the influence of hydroclimatic factors on catch and resource productivity. Fisheries Research, 57, 267-278.
Naranjo, M. H. (2010). Caracterización de los sistemas operacionales, modalidades y artes de pesca utilizados para la captura de la langosta Panulirus gracilis (Streets, 1871) en Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Revista Ciencias Marinas y Costeras, 2, 73-82.
Naranjo, M. H. (2011). Biología pesquera de la langosta Panulirus gracilis (Streets, 1871) en Playa Lagarto, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical, 59, 619-633.
Naranjo, M. H. (2012). Patrón reproductivo y talla media de madurez sexual de hembras de la langosta Panulirus gracilis (Decapoda: Palinuridae) en Playa Lagarto, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical, 60, 1783-1793.
Navarte, M., González, R., & Filipo, P. (2007). Artisanal mollusk fisheries in San Matías Gulf (Patagonia, Argentina): An appraisal of the factors contributing to unsustainability. Fisheries Research, 87, 68-76.
Plagányi, E., van Putten, I., Hutton, T., Deng, R. A., Dennis, D., Pascoe, S., Skewes, T., & Campbell, R. A. (2013). Integrating indigenous livelihood and lifestyle objectives in managing a natural resource. PNAS, 110, 3639-3644.
Pollnac, R. B. & Poggie, J. (2008). Happiness, well-being and psychocultural adaptation to the stresses associated with marine fishing. Human Ecology Review, 15, 194-200.
Purcell, S., Mercier, A., Conand, C., Hamel, J., & Toral-Granda, M. (2011). Sea cucumber fisheries: global analysis of stocks, management measures and drivers of overfishing. Fish and Fisheries, 14, 34-59.
R Core Team. (2012). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R
Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. v.2.15.0. ISBN 3-900051-07-0, URL http://www.R-project.org/
Riolo, F. (2006). A geographic information system for fisheries management in American Samoa. Environmental Modelleling & Software, 21, 1025-1041.
Ríos-Lara, V., Salas, S., Javier, B., & Ayora, P. (2007). Distribution patterns of spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) at Alacranes reef, Yucatan: Spatial analysis and inference of preferential habitat. Fisheries Research, 87, 35-45.
Sabetian, A. (2010). Parrotfish Fisheries and Population Dynamics: A Case Study from Solomon Islands. (Doctoral Dissertation). James Cook University, Australia. Retrieved from http://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/11744/
Salas, S. & Gaertner, D. (2004). The behavioural dynamics of fishers: Management implications. Fish and Fisheries, 5, 153-167.
Salas, S., Chuenpagdee, R., Seijo, J. C., & Charles, A. (2007). Challenges in the assessment and management of small-scale fisheries in Latin America and the Caribbean. Fisheries Research, 87, 5-16.
Salas, S., Chuenpagdee, R., Seijo, J. C., & Charles, A. (2011). Coastal Fisheries of Latin America and the Caribbean. (FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper. No. 544). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Sadovy, Y. (2005). Trouble on the reef: the imperative for managing vulnerable and valuable fisheries. Fish and Fisheries, 6, 167-185.
Shester, G. G. (2010). Explaining catch variation among Baja California lobster fishers through spatial analysis of trap-placement decisions. Bulletin of Marine Science, 86, 479-498.
Smith, S., Jacob, S., & Jepson, M. (2003). After the Florida net ban: the impacts on commercial fishing families. Society & Natural Resources, 16, 39-59.
Stevenson, T. C., Brian, N., & Dierking, J. (2011). Fisher behaviour influences catch productivity and selectivity in West Hawaii’s aquarium fishery. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68, 813-822.
van Putten, I. E., Kulmala, S., Thébaud, O., Dowling, N., Hamon, K. G., Hutton, T., & Pascoe, S. (2012). Theories and behavioural drivers underlying fleet dynamics models. Fish and Fisheries, 13, 216-235.
Voges, E., Gordoa, A., & Field, J. (2005). Dynamics of the Namibian hake fleet and management connotations: applications of the ideal free distribution. Scientia Marina, 69, 285-293.
Wang, Y., Neuman, U., Wright, S. T., & Warton, D. I. (2012). mvabund: an R package for model-based analysis of multivariate abundance data. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 3, 471-474.
Warton, D. I., Wright, S. T., & Wang, Y. (2012). Distance-based multivariate analyses confound location and dispersion effects. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 3, 89-101.
Whitley, D. (1994). A genetic algorithm tutorial. Statistics and Computing, 4, 65-85.
Wood, S. N. (2006). Generalized Additive Models: An Introduction with R. New York, U.S.A.: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
Worm, B., Hilborn, R., Baum, J. K., Branch, T. A., Collie, J. S., Costello, C., Fogarty, M. J., Fulton, E. A., Hutchings, J. A., Jennings, S., Jensen, O. P., Lotze, H. K., Mace, P. M., McClanahan, T. R., Minto, C., Palumbi, S. R., Parma, A. M., Ricard, D., Rosenberg, A. A., Watson, R., & Zeller, D. (2009). Rebuilding global fisheries. Science, 325, 578-585.
Zuur, F. A., Leno, E., Walker, N. J., Saveliev, A., & Smith, G. M. (2009). Mixed effects models and extensions in ecology with R. New York, U.S.A.: Springer Science.
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Affiliations
Helven Naranjo Madrigal
Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Marinas. CINVESTAV del IPN. Unidad Mérida 97310, Apartado Postal 73 Cordemex, Yucatán, México.
Silvia Salas Márquez
Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Km 6 antigua Carretera a Progreso, Apartado Postal 73 Cordemex, Mérida 97310, Yucatán, México.
Spatio-temporal dynamics of fishing effort in a multi-species artisanal diving fishery and its effects on catch variability: Insights for sustainable management
Abstract
Artisanal diving fisheries are a source of income, employment and food security of coastal areas in many countries. Understanding the dynamics of these fisheries, including the spatial and temporal dynamics of fishing effort, gears and species can help to address the challenges involved in fisheries management. We aimed to analyze the differences in fishing strategies undertaken by fishers that use two different diving methods (hookah and free diving), and the conditions and their potential impacts on catches when adjustments to those strategies are applied over time. For this, detailed information of fishing operations from artisanal boats in the North Pacific coast of Costa Rica was analyzed in two fishing seasons (2007-2008 and 2011-2012). Data were collected by onboard observers (fishing site, fishing time, species composition, depth and visibility). Additionally, interviews with divers were applied to obtain information of price per species, species volume and fishing operations. From the total number of trips during both seasons, hookah diving was represented by a sample size of 70.5%, while free diving, with a sample of 69.5%. More than 15 species were identified in each fishing season. Nevertheless, three categories had substantial contributions in both seasons with differences in the proportions for each case: green lobster (Panulirus gracilis), octopus (Octopus sp.) and parrotfish (Scarus perrico and S. ghobban). It is worth noting that an important proportion of catch was retained by fishers for personal consumption purposes, including species of high commercial value. Additional night diving activity, increased the number of dives from one season to another. Besides, cooperation processes in free diving fishing operations, and changes in fishing effort between seasons, defined important changes in fishing strategies. Potential causes of changes in fishing strategies and the implications for management to ensure the sustainability of these fisheries in the long term are discussed.