Keywords
Plagioscion squamosissimus
dam
population structure
reproductive period
How to Cite
Abstract
The Amazonian fish species Plagioscion squamosissimus (Sciaenidae) and Cichla monoculus (Cichlidae), have been widely introduced into different reservoirs in Brazil, and have caused many negative impacts on local fish fauna. The aim of this study was to evaluate the population structure (abundance, length structure, length-weight relationship, sex ratio, and length at first maturity) and the reprodutive period of these two species in the Santa Cruz Reservoir (built in 2002), located in the Brazilian semiarid region, for their adequate management and local species conservation policies. Specimens were collected quarterly in eight sites from February 2010 to November 2013 using gillnets (12 to 70 mm mesh between adjacent knots). The specimens captured were counted and the following biometric and biological data were analysed: standard length, total weight, and reproductive data, such as, sex, weight and gonadal maturity stage. The species abundances were estimated by CPUE and expressed as the number of individuals per gill net area x gill net exposition time (m2 x h); length frequency histograms were built with intervals of 5 cm. The length-weight parameters were estimated with a linear regression after a logarithmic transformation of the data. With the reproductive data we estimated sex ratio, reproduction period and length at first maturity (L50). We captured a total of 1 071 specimens of P. squamosissimus and 156 specimens of C. monoculus. Both species showed higher abundances in 2010, 0.004306 m2 x h and 0.00022 m2 x h, respectively, but this parameter decreased from 2010 to 2013. Standard length ranged between 6.4 and 46.2 cm for P. squamosissimus (20.025.0 cm was the most frequent class), and 7.0 and 38.7 cm for C. monoculus (10.0-15.0 cm was the most frequent class). The length-weight relationships were described by the following equations: log10Wt = –1.8349+3.0899log10Lp and R2 = 0.9795 for P. squamosissimus, and log10Wt = -1.7944+3.0885log10Lp and Wt = 0.0160 and R2 = 0.9929 for C. monoculus; both species exhibited positive allometric growth. The sex ratio for both species differed from 1:1, with a predominance of females for P. squamosissimus and males for C. monoculus. The Lp50 was estimated to be 15.90 cm for P. squamosissimus and 15.65 cm for C. monoculus, and the reproductive data indicated that both species reproduced throughout the year. We concluded that although the population of both species reduced their abundance over the study period, P. squamosissimus and C. monoculus are established and structured populations in the Santa Cruz Reservoir with individuals growing satisfactorily and reproducing in all seasons, without a well-defined reproductive peak. We suggest that the managers may allow the artisanal and/or sport fisheries of these species.
References
Ab’Sáber, A. N. (1995). The caatinga domain. In S. Monteiro & L. Kaz (Eds.), Caatinga –sertão, sertanejos (pp. 47-55). Rio de Janeiro: Editora Livroarte.
Agostinho, A. A., Gomes, L. C., Verissímo, S., & Okada, E. K. (2004). Flood regime, dam regulation and fish in the upper Parana River: effects on assemblage attributes, reproduction and recruitment. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 14(1), 11-19.
Agostinho, A. A., Gomes, L. C., & Pelicice, F .M. (2007). Ecologia e manejo de rescursos pesqueiros em reservatórios do Brasil. Maringá, Brazil: EDUEM.
Almeida, S. A. S., Cullar, M. Z., Costa, A. M. B., & Amorim, R. F. (2006). Caracterização das bacias hidrográficas do rio Apodi/Mossoró e Piranhas/Assú (RN): Mapeamento do uso do solo através das imagens do satellite CBERS 2 e análise socioeconômico. Revista FAPERN, 4(1), 5-9.
Barbosa, N. D., Rocha, R. M., & Frédou, L. (2012). The reproductive biology of Plagioscion squamosissimus (Heckel, 1840) in the Pará River estuary (Amazon Estuary). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 28, 800-805. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2012.02040.x
Barros, L. C., Santos, L., Zanncio, L., & Dergam, J. A. (2012). Plagioscion squamosissimus (Sciaenidae) and Parachromis managuensis (Cichlidae): A threat to native fish on the Doce River im Minas Gerais, Brazil. PLoS ONE, 7(6). Retrieved from http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0039138
Bennemann, S. T., Carpa, L. G., Galves, W., & Shibatta, O. A. (2006). Dinâmica trófica de Plagioscion squamosissimus (Perciformes, Sciaenidae) em trecho de influência da represa Capivara (rio Paranapanema e Tibagi). Iheringia Série Zoologia, 96(1), 115-119.
Bond, N. R., Lake, P. S., & Arthington, A. H. (2008). The impacts of drought on freshwater ecosystems: an Australian perspective. Hydrobiologia, 600, 3-16. doi:10.1007/s10750-008-9326-z
Braga, F. M. S. (2001). Reprodução de peixes (Osteichthyes) em afluentes do reservatório de Volta Grande, rio Grande, sudeste do Brasil. Ihringia Série Zoologia, 91(1), 67-74.
Britton, J. R. & Orsi, M. L. (2012). Non-native fish in aquaculture and sport fishing in Brazil: economic benefits versus risks to fish diversity in the upper River Paraná basin. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 22, 555-565. doi: 10.1007/s11160-012-9254-x
Brown-Peterson, N. J., Wyanski, D. M., Saborido-Rey, F., Macewicz, B. J., & Lowerre-Barbieri, S. K. (2011). A standardized terminology for describing reproductive development in fishes. Marine and Costal Fisheries: Dynamic, Management and Ecosystem Science, 3, 52-70. doi: 10.1080/19425120.2011.555724
Camargo, M. & Júnior, W. M. A. L. (2007). Aspectos da biologia reprodutiva de seis espécies de peixes de importância commercial do médio rio Xingu – bases para manejo. UAKARI, 3(1), 64-77.
Câmara, M. R., Chellappa, N. T., & Chellappa, S. (2002). Ecologia reprodutiva do Cichla monoculus, um ciclídeo amazônico no semi-árido do Rio Grande do Norte. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 14(2), 9-16.
Carnelós, R. C., & Benedito-Cecilio, E. (2002). Reproductive strategies of Plagioscion squamosissimus Heckel, 1840 (Osteichthyes Sciaenidae) in the Itaipu, Brazil. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 45(3), 317-324.
Castro, A. C. L. (1999). Tamanho e idade de primeira maturação da corvina, Plagioscion squamisissimus (Heckel, 1940), (Teleostei, Sciaenidae), do Reservatório de Barra Bonita-SP. Boletim do Museu Paraense de Zoologia Emílio Goeldi, 15(2), 119-132.
Casatti, L. (2003). Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers). In R. E. Reis, & C. J. Ferraris (Eds.), Checklist of the freshwater fish of South and Central America (pp. 509-602). Porto Alegre, Brazil: EDIPUCRS.
Chellappa, S., Câmara, M. R., Chellappa, N. T., Beveridge, M. C. M., & Huntingford, F. A. (2003). Reproductive ecology of a Neotropical cichlid fish, Cichla monoculus (Osteichthyes: Cichlidae). Brazilian Journal of Biology, 63(1), 17-26.
Chellapa, S., Bueno, R. M. X., Chellappa, T., Chellappa, N., & Val, V. M. F. A. (2009). Reproductive seadonality of fish fauna and linmocology of semi-arid Brazilian reservoirs. Limnologica, 39, 325-329. doi:10.1016/j.limno.2009.06.003
Froese, R. (2006). Cube law, condition factor and weight-length relationships: history, meta-analysis and recommendations. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 22, 241-253. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0426.2006.00805.x
Froese, R., & Pauly, D. (2014) FishBase. Retrieved from www.fishbase.org
Godinho, A. L., Lamas, I. R., & Godinho, H. P. (2010). Reproductive ecology of Brazilian freshwater fishes. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 87, 143-162. doi: 10.1007/s10641-009-9574-4
Gomes, J. H. C., Dias, A. C. I. M., & Branco, C. C. (2008). Fish assemblage composition in three reservoirs in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 20(4), 373-380.
Gomiero, L. M., & Braga, F. M. S. (2003). Relação peso-comprimento e fator de condição para Cichla ocellaris e Cichla monoculus (Perciformes, Cichlidae) no reservatório de Volta Grande, rio Grande – MG/SP. Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences, 25(79), 79-86.
Gomieiro, L. M., & Braga, F. M. S. (2004). Reproduction of species of the genus Cichla in a reservoir in southeaster Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 63(4), 613-624.
Gomiero, L. M., Villares Jr., G. A., & Naous, F. (2009). Reproduction of Cichla kelberi Kullander & Ferreira, 2006 introduced into an artificial lake in southeastern Brazil. Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 69(1), 175-183.
Gozlan, R. E., Britton, J. R., Cowx, I., & Copp, G. H. (2010). Current knowledge on non-native freshwater fish introductions. Journal of Fish Biology, 76, 751-786. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02566.x
Helfman, G. S., Collette, B. B., Facey, D. E., & Bowen, B. W. (2007). The diversity of fish: Biology, Evolution and Ecology. Oxford, England: Wiley-Blackwell.
Japsen, D. B., Winemiller, K. O., & Taphorn, D. C. (1997). Temporal patterns of resource partitioning among Cichla species in a Venezuela blackwater river. Journal of Fish Biology, 51(6), 1085-1108.
Japsen, D. B., Winemiller, K. O., Taphorn, D. C., & Rodriguez-Olarte, D. (1999). Age structure and growth of peacock cichlid of rivers and reservoirs of Venezuela. Journal of Fish Biology, 55(2), 433-450.
King, M. (2007). Fisheries biology, assessment and management. Oxford, England: Blackwell Publishing
Kullander, S. O., & Ferreira, E. J. G. (2006). A review of the South American cichlid genus Cichla, with descriptions of nine new species (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 17(4), 289-398.
Lowe-McConnell, R. H. (1987). Ecological studies in tropical fish communities. Cambridge, England: Cambridge.
Luiz, T. F., Velludo, M. R., Peret, A. C., Filho, J. L. R., & Peret. A. M. (2011). Diet, reproduction and population structure of the introduced Amazonian fish Cichla piquiti (Perciformes: Cichlidae) in the Cachoeira Dourada reservoir (Paranaíba River, central Brazil). Revista de Biología Tropical, 59(2), 727-741.
Muñoz, H., Damme, P. A., & Duponchelle, F. (2006). Breeding behaviour and distribuition of the tucunaré Cichla aff. monoculus in a clear water river of the Bolivian Amazon. Journal of Fish Biology, 69, 1018-1030. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01177.x
Normando, F. T., Arantes, F. P., Luz, R. K., Thomé, R. G., Rizzo, E., Sato, Y., & Bazzoli, N. (2009). Reproduction and fecundity of tucunaré, Cichla kelberi (Perciformes: Cichlidae), an exotic species in Três Marias Reservoirs, Southeastern, Brazil. Journal of Applied Icththyology, 25, 299-305. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2008.01174.x
Novaes, J. L. C., & Carvalho, E. D. (2011). Population structure and stock assessment of Hoplias maculatus (Characiformes: Erythrinidae) caught by artisanal fishermen in river-reservoir transition area in Brazil. Revista de Biología Tropical, 59(1), 71-83.
Novaes, J. L. C., Caramaschi, E. P., & Winemiller, K. O. (2004). Feeding of Cichla monoculus Spix, 1829 (Teleostei: Cichlidae) during and after reservoir formation in the Tocantins River, Central Brazil. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 16(1), 41-49.
Paiva, M. P., Petrere Jr., M., Petenate, A. J., Nepomuceno, F. H., & Vasconcelos, E. A. (1994). Relationship between the number of predatory species and fish yield in large northeastern Brazilian reservoirs. In I. G., Cowx (Ed.), Rehabilitation of freshwater fisheries (pp.120-129). London: Fishing News Books.
Petrere Jr., M. (1996). Fisheries in large tropical reservoirs in South America. Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management, 2(1-2), 111-133.
Petry, A. C., Agostinho, A. A., & Gomes, L. C. (2003). Fish assemblage of tropical floodplain lagoons: exploring the role of connectivity in a dry year. Neotropical Ichthyology, 1(2), 111-119.
R Development Core Team. 2013. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for statistical computing, Vienna, Austria. Retrieved from http://www.R-project.org.
Rocha, J. C., Juras, A. A., Cintra, I. H. A., & Souza, R. F. C. (2006). A reprodução da pesca-branca Plagioscion squamosissimus (Heckel, 1840) (Perciformes: Sciaenidae) no reservatório da usina hidroéelétrica de Tucuruí (Pará-Brasil). Boletim Técnico-Científico do Cepnor, 6(1), 49-60.
Rosa, R., Menezes, N. A., Britski, H., Costa, W. J. E. M., & Groth, F. (2003). Diversidade, padrões de distribuição e conservação dos peixes da caatinga. In I. R. Leal, M. Tabarelli, & J. C. S. Silva (Eds.), Ecologia e conservação da caatinga (pp. 135-181). Recife: Editora Universitária.
Santos, L. N., Gonzalez, A. F., & Araújo, F. G. (2001). Dieta do tucunaré-amarelo Cichla monoculus (Bloch & Schneider) (Osteichthyes, Cichlidae), no reservatório de Lajes, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Zoologia, 18(1), 191-204.
Santos, S. B. A. F., Silva, A. C., & Viana, M. S. R. (2003). Aspectos reprodutivos da pesca-do-piauí, Plagioscion squamosissimus (Heckle, 1840), capturada no açude Pereira de Miranda (Pentecoste – Ceará). Revista de Ciências Agronômicas, 34(1), 5-10.
Santos, N. B., Rocha, R. M., & Fredóu, F. L. (2010). Reproductive biology of Plagioscion magdalenae (Teleostei: Sciaenidae) (Steindacnher, 1878) in the bay of Marajo, Amazon Estuary, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 8(2), 333-340.
Souza, J. E., Fragoso-Moura, E. N., Fenerich-Verani, N., Rocha, O., & Verani, J. R. (2008). Population structure and reproductive biology of Cichla kelberi (Perciformes, Cichlidae) in Lobo Reservoir, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 6(2), 201-201.
Stefani, P. M., & Rocha, O. (2009). Diet composition of Plagioscion squamosissimus (Heckel, 1840), a fish introduced into the Tietê River system. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 69(3), 805-812.
Vazzoler, A. E. A. M. 1996. Biologia da reprodução de peixes teleósteos: teoria e prática. Maringá, Brazil: Eduem.
Vidotto-Magnoni, A. P., & Carvalho, E. D. (2009). Population biology of dominant fish species of Santa Bárbara river, a tributary of the Nova Avanhandava reservoir (low Tietê River, São Paulo State, Brazil). Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences, 31(1), 55-63.
Vieira, A. B. C., Salvador Jr., L. F., Melo, R. M. C., Santos, G. B., & Bazzoli, N. (2009). Reproductive biology of the peacock bass Cichla piquiti (Perciformes: Cichlidae), an exotic species in a Neotropical reservoir. Neotropical Ichthyology, 7(4), 745-750.
Winemiller, K. O. (1989). Patterns of variation in the life history among South American fishes in seasonal environments. Oecologia, 81(2), 225-241.
Winemiller, K. O., Taphorn, D. C., & Barbarino-Duque, A. (1997). Ecology of Cichla (Cichlidae) in two blackwater rivers of Southern Venezuela. Copeia, 1997(4), 690-696.
Wootton, R. J. (1995). Ecology of teleost fishes. London, England: Chapman & Hall.
Zar, J. H. (1996). Biostatistical analysis. New Jersey, USA: Prentice-Hall.
Zaret, T. M. 1980. Life history and growth relationship of Cichla ocellaris, a predatory South American cichlid. Biotropica, 12(2), 144-157.
Comments
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2015 Revista de Biología Tropical