Abstract
The present report is a systematic study of children, with and without diarrhea from Costa Rican metropolitan areas and southern rural higlands. Children were observed, respectively, at emergencies, Hospital Nacional de Niños, and in a field station in Puriscal; urban children were studied vertically, rural children were observed prospectively (cohort study). Cryptosporidium sp. was found in 4.3% of the cases of diarrhea; diahrrea was generally severe in urban children, but mild in the rural. Infection was detected in urban children less than one year of age: contrasting, no rural infants were found infected, which might be related to breast-feeding, since Puriscal infants were intensively breast-fed for several months, while many urban infants were not breast-fed or were weaned earlier. Cryptosporidium sp. appeared during the warm, rainy and humid months of May through August, when the coccidium was associated with 14.8% of the urban and 15.4% of the rural diarrheas. AH urban cases presented dehydration which was corrected with oral rehydration salt therapy, and occasionally with intravenous fluids; dehydration was not common in the rural cases.References
Anderson, S.c., T. Donndelinger, R.M. Wilkins & J. Smith. 1982. Cryptosporidiosis in a veterinary student. J. Amer. Vet. Med. Ass. 180: 408-409.
Barker, K., & P. L. Carbonell. 1974. Cryptosporidium agni sp. n. from lambs and Cryptosporidium bovis sp. n. from calf with observations on the oocyst. Z. Parsitenkd., 44: 289-298.
Bird, R. G., & J. D. Smith. 1980. Cryptosporidiosis in man: parasite life cycle and fine structural pathology. J. Pathol., 132: 217-233.
Centers for Disease Control (CDC). 1981. Human cryptosporidiosis-Alabama. Veto Pub. Hlth. Notes, 75-76.
Centers for Disease Control (CDC). 1982 a. Cryptosporidiosis: assessment of chemotherapy of males with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AlDS). MMWR, CDC, Atlanta, GA, 31: 589-592.
Centers for Disease Control (CDC). 1982b. Human cryptosporidiosis-Alabama. MMWR, COC, Atlanta, GA. 31: 252-254.
Jiménez, P., L. Mata, M.E. García, & W. Vargas. 1982. Estudio de Puriscal. VI. Transferencia de la tecnología de rehidratación oral del hospital al hogar rmal. Rev. Méd. Hosp. Nal. Niños (Costa Rica), 17: 71-86.
Lasser, K. H., K. J. Lewin, & F. W. Ryning. 1979. Cryptosporidial enteritis in a patient with congenital hypogammaglobutinemia. Human Pathol., 10: 234-240.
Levine, N.D. 1980. Some corrections of coccidian (Apicomplexa: Protozoa) nomenclature. J. Parasitol., 66: 830-834.
Mata, L., P. Jiménez, M. A. AlIen, W. Vargas, M. E. García, J.J. Urrutia, & R. G. Wyatt. 1981. Diarrhea and malnutrition: breast-feeding intervention in a transitional population. p. 233·235. In T. Holme, J. Holmgren, M. H. Merson, & R. Mollby (eds.). Acute enteric infections in children. New prospects for treatment and prevention. EIsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press., London.
Mata, L., P. Jiménez, B. Castro M. E. García, M. Vives, S. Jiménez, & F. Sánchez. 1982. Estudio de Puriscal, IX. Estado nutricional y supervivencia del niño lactante. Rev. Méd. Hosp. Nal. Niños (Costa Rica), 17: 117-139.
Mata, L., A. Simhon, R. Padilla, M. M. Gamboa, G. Vargas, F. Hernández., E. Mohs, & C. Lizano. 1983. Diarrhea associated with rotavirus, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Campylobacter and other agents in Costa Rican children, 1976-1981. Amer. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 32: 146-153.
Meisel, J.L., D. R. Perera, C. Meligro, & C. E. Rubin. 1976. Overwhelming watery diarrhea associated with a Cryptospondium in an immunosuppressed patient. Gastroenterology, 70: 1156-1160.
Nime, F. A., J. D. Burek, D. L. Page, M. A. Holscher, & J. H. Yardley. 1976. Acute enterocolitis in a human being infected with the protozoan Cryptosporidium. Gastroenterology, 70: 592-598.
Pizarro, D., G. Posada, D. R. Nalin, L. Mata, & E. Mohs. 1980. Rehidratación por vía oral y su mantenimiento en pacientes de 0 a 3 meses de edad deshidratados por diarrea. Bol. Méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx., 37: 879-891.
Proctor, S. J., & R. L. Kemp. 1974. Cryptosporidium anserinum sp. n. (Sporozoa) in a domestic goose Anser anser. L. from Iowa. J. Protozool., 21: 664-666.
Reese, N. C., W. L. Current, J. V. Ernst, & W. S. Bailey. 1982. Cryptosporidiasis of man and calf: a case report and results of experimental infections in mice and rats. Amer. J. Trap. Med. Hyg., 31: 226-229.
Stemmermann, G. N., T. Hayashi, G. A. Glober, N. Oishi, & R. L. Frankel. 1980, Cryptosporidiosis: report of a fatal case complicated by disseminated toxoplasmosis. Amer. J. Med., 69: 637-642.
Tyzzer, E. E. 1907. A sporozoan found in the peptic glands of the common mouse. Proc, Soc. Exp. BioI. Med., 5: 12-13.
Tyzzer, E. E. 1907. An extracellular, coccidium, Crypcosporidium muris (gen. et sp. nov.), of the gastric glands of the common mouse. J. Med. Res., 23: 487-509.
Tyzzer, E. E. 1912. Cryptosporidium parvum (sp. nov.), a coccidium found in the small intestine of the common mouse. Archiv. Potistenk., 26: 394-412.
Tzipori, S., K. W. Angus, I. Campbell, & E. W. Gray. 1980a. Cryptosporidium: evidence for a single species genus. Infect. Immun., 30: 884-886.
Tzipori, S., K. W. Angus, E. W. Gray, & I. Campbell. 1980b. Vomiting and diarrhoea associated with cryptosporidial ¡nfection. New Eng. J. Med., 303: 181.
Tzipori, S., K. W. Angus, E. W. Gray, l. Campbell, & F. Allan. 1981a. Diarrhea in lambs experimentally infected with Cryptosporidium isolated from calves. Amer. J. Veto Res., 42: 1400-1404.
Tzipori, S. & I. Campbell. 1981. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium antibodies in 10 animal species. J. Clin. Microbiol., 14: 455-456.
Tzipori, S., E. McCartney, G. H. K. Lawson, A. C. Rowland, & I. Campbell. 1981b. Experimental infection of piglets with Cryptosporidium. Res. Vet. Sci., 31: 358-368.
Tzipori, S., M. Smith, C. Birch, G. Barnes, & R. Bishop. 1983. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in hospital patients with gastroenteritis. Amer. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., (En prensa).
Vetterling, J. M., H. R. Jervis, T. G. Merrill, & H. Sprinz. 1971. Cryptosporidium wrairi sp. n. from the guinea pig Cavia porcellus, with an emendation of the genus. J. Protozool., 18: 243-247.
Vives, M., L. Mata, B. Castro. A. Simhon, M.B. García, & P. Jiménez. 1982. Estudio de Puriscal. V. Infección entérica en niños menores de 2 años. Rev. Méd. Hosp. Nal. Niños (Costa Rica), 17: 57-69.
Weinstejn, L., S. M. Edelstein, J. L. Madara, K. R. Falchuk, B. M. McManus, & J. S. Trier. 1981. Intestinal cryptosporidiosis complicated by disseminated cytomegalovirus infection. Gastroenterology. 81: 584-591.
Weisburger, W. R., D. F. Hutcheon, J. H. Yardley. J. C. Roche, W. D, Hillis, & P. Charache, 1979. Cryptosporidiosis in an immunosuppressed renal-transplant recipient with IgA deficiency, Amer. J. Clin. Pathol., 72: 473-478.
Comments
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 1984 Revista de Biología Tropical