Keywords
marine biodiversity
Cocos Island
DeepSee
ROV
submersible research.
How to Cite
Abstract
From 2006 to date the submersible DeepSee has been used to study the deep waters in and around Isla del Coco National Park, Costa Rica. Over these years, images and samples have been collected at depths between 50 and 450 m. Here we present a catalogue of bony fishes recorded by the submersible in deep waters of Isla del Coco, 500 km south-southwest of mainland Costa Rica, and at Las Gemelas Seamount within the designated Seamounts Management Area, 50 km southwest of Isla del Coco. A database with video-images of bony fishes was created from videos taken by the submersible’s high-definition digital camera from 2006 to 2015. Additional information on the distribution of fishes was obtained from 11 dives (24.3 hrs) using the remotely operated vehicle Hela at Las Gemelas Seamount during February 2012. Images of bony fishes were obtained during 376 dives (365 DeepSee dives plus 11 Hela dives) in 18 different locations, and here we report on a total of 85 taxa (i.e. putative species). In this catalogue we present images that are the first color photographs published for some species. In other cases, identifications were possible only to the level of genus (11), family (5) or order (1); hence the information is presented in terms of putative taxa. Four new records are reported for Isla del Coco: Leptenchelys vermiformis (Ophichthidae), Hyporthodus mystacinus (Serranidae), Kathetostoma averruncus (Uranoscopidae), and Symphurus diabolicus (Cynoglossidae). Depth ranges of twenty-six species are expanded beyond previously published records; three were observed in shallower water, twenty-two in deeper water and one was observed both shallower and deeper than in previous reports. As might be expected, increased bottom time with the submersible resulted in additions to the list of documented species. This highlights the importance of maintaining systematic research efforts in the deep waters around Isla del Coco, both for scientific purposes as well as conservation.
References
Aburto-Oropeza, O., & Balart-Páez, E. F. (2001). Community structure of reef fish in several habitats of a rocky reef in the Gulf of California. Marine Ecology, 22(4), 283-305.
Aburto-Oropeza, O., Caso, M., Erisman, B., & Ezcurra, E. (2010). Bitácora del mar profundo: una expedición por el Golfo de California. México, D. F. and La Joya, California: Instituto Nacional de Ecología, UCMEXUS, Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
Allen, G. R. (1995). Lutjanidae. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K. E. Carpenter, & V. H. Niem (Eds.), Guía FAO para la identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Pacífico Centro-Oriental. Vol. III (pp. 1231-1244). Rome, Italy: FAO.
Anderson, W. D., & Baldwin, C. C. (2000). A new species of Anthias (Teleostei: Serranidae: Anthiinae) from the Galápagos Islands, with keys to Anthias and eastern Pacific Anthiinae. Proceedings-Biological Society of Washington, 113(2), 369-385.
Angulo, A., Naranjo-Elizondo, B., Corrales-Ugalde, M., & Cortés, J. (2014). First record of the genus Paracaristius (Perciformes: Caristiidae) from the Pacific of Central America, with comments on their association with the siphonophore Praya reticulata (Siphonophorae: Prayidae). Marine Biodiversity Records, 7, e132.
Angulo-Sibaja, A. (2014). Deep water fishes of the Pacific of Costa Rica: diversity, distribution and biogeographic relationships (master’s thesis). Programa de Posgrado en Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica.
Auster, P., Sánchez-Jiménez, A., Rodríguez-Arrieta, A., Quesada, A., Pérez, C., Naranjo-Elizondo, B., … Cortés, J. (2016). Facilitative behavioral interactions between deepwater piscivores at Isla del Coco National Park and Las Gemelas Seamount, Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical, 64(Supplement 1), S187-S196.
Baldwin, C. C., & McCosker, J. E. (2001). Wrasses of the Galápagos Islands, with the description of a new deepwater species of Halichoeres (Perciformes: Labridae). Revista de Biologia Tropical, 49(Supplement 1), 89-100.
Baldwin, C. C., Tornabene, L., & Robertson, D. R. (2018). Below the mesophotic. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 4920. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23067-1
Béarez, P., & Jiménez-Prado, P. (2003). New records of serranids (Perciformes) from the continental shelf of Ecuador with a key to the species, and comments on ENSO-associated fish dispersal. Cybium, 27(2), 107-115.
Böhlke, E. B., & Smith, D. G. (2002). Type catalogue of Indo-Pacific Muraenidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 152(1), 89-172.
Bradbury, M. G. (1980). A revision of the fish genus Ogcocephalus with descriptions of new species from the western Atlantic Ocean (Ogcocephalidae: Lophiformes). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 42(7), 229-285.
Bradbury, M. G. (1999). A review of the fish genus Dibranchus with descriptions of new species and a new genus, Solocisquama (Lophiiformes, Ogcocephalidae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 51(5), 259-310.
Breedy, O., Van Ofwegen, L. P., & Vargas, S. (2012). A new family of soft corals (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) from the aphotic Tropical Eastern Pacific waters revealed by integrative taxonomy. Systematics and Biodiversity, 10(3), 351-359.
Bussing, W. A. (1980). Liopropoma fasciatum, a new serranid fish and only known member of the genus from the Tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean (Costa Rica, Panama). Revista de Biología Tropical, 28(1), 147-151.
Bussing, W. A. (1990). New species of gobiid fishes of the genera Lythrypnus, Elacatinus and Chriolepis from the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Revista de Biología Tropical, 38(1), 99-118.
Bussing, W. A. (1995). Tetraodontidae. Tamboriles, tamborines, botetes, peces globo, corrotuchos. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K. E. Carpenter, & V. H. Niem (Eds.), Guía FAO para la identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Pacífico Centro-Oriental. Vol. III (pp. 1629-1637). Rome, Italy: FAO.
Bussing, W. A. (2010). A new fish, Peristedion nesium (Scorpaeniformes: Peristediidae) from Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical, 58(4), 1149-1156.
Bussing, W. A., & Lavenberg, R. J. (1995a). Cirrhitidae. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K. E. Carpenter, & V. H. Niem (Eds.), Guía FAO para Identificación de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacífico Centro-Oriental. Vol. III (pp. 1007-1010). Rome, Italy: FAO.
Bussing, W. A., & Lavenberg, R. J. (1995b). Uranoscopidae. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K. E. Carpenter, & V. H. Niem (Eds.), Guía FAO para Identificación de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacífico Centro-Oriental. Vol. III (pp. 1649-1650). Rome, Italy: FAO.
Bussing, W. A., & López M. I. (1977). Guentherus altivela Osorio, the first ateleopodid fish reported from the Eastern Pacific Ocean (Costa Rica). Revista de Biología Tropical, 25(2), 179-190.
Bussing, W. A., & López, M. I. (2005). Peces de la Isla del Coco y peces arrecifales de la costa Pacífica de América Central meridional. Revista de Biología Tropical, 53(Supplement 2), 5-192.
Bussing, W. A., & López, M. (2009). Marine fish. In I. S. Wehrtmann, & J. Cortés (Eds.) Marine Biodiversity of Costa Rica, Central America (pp. 453-458). Berlin: Springer.
Caruso, J. H. (1995). Family Lophiidae. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K. E. Carpenter, & V. H. Niem (Eds.), Guía FAO para Identificación de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacífico Centro-Oriental. Vol. III (pp. 1227-1230). Rome, Italy: FAO.
Castle, P. H. J. (1999). A new species of garden eel from the Eastern Pacific with comments on Heteroconger digueti (Pellegrin) and related nominal species. Bulletin of Marine Science, 64(3), 407-417.
Chirichigno, F. (1978). Nuevas adiciones a la Ictiofauna marina del Perú. (Informe Nº 46). Callao: Instituto del Mar del Perú-IMARPE.
Corrales-Ugalde, M., Quesada, A. J., Naranjo-Elizondo, B., & Cortés, J. (2017). New records of gelatinous zooplankton from an oceanic island in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2017, 1-8. DOI: 10.1017/S0025315417000558
Cortés, J. (2008). Historia de la investigación marina de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical, 56(Supplement 2), 1-18.
Cortés, J. (2012). Marine biodiversity of an Eastern Tropical Pacific oceanic island, Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical, 60(Supplement 3), 131-185.
Cortés, J. (2016). Isla del Coco: Coastal and marine ecosystems. In M. Kappelle (Ed.), Costa Rican Ecosystems (pp. 162-191). Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
Cortés, J., & Blum, S. (2008). Life to 450 m depth at Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical, 56(Supplement 2), 189-206.
Cortés, J., Sánchez-Jiménez, A., Rodríguez-Arrieta, J. A., Quirós-Barrantes, G., González, P. C., & Blum, S. (2012). Elasmobranchs observed in deepwaters (45-330 m) at Isla del Coco National Park, Costa Rica (Eastern Tropical Pacific). Revista de Biología Tropical, 60(Supplement 3), 257-273.
Erisman, B. E., Konotchick, T. H., & Blum, S. (2009). Observations of spawning in the leather bass, Dermatolepis dermatolepis (Teleostei: Epinephelidae), at Cocos Island, Costa Rica. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 85(1), 15-20.
Eschmeyer, W. N., Fricke, R., & van der Laan, R. (2017). Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Retrived from http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp
Fischer, W., Krupp, F., Schneider, W., Sommer, C., Carpenter, K. E., & Niem, V. H. (1995). Guía FAO para la identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Pacífico Centro-Oriental. Vol. III. Rome, Italy: FAO.
Fourriére, M., Alvarado, J. J., Bocos, A. A., & Cortés, J. (2017). Updated checklist and analysis of completeness of the fish fauna of Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Marine Biodiversity, 47(3), 813-821. DOI: 10.1007/s12526-016-0501-6
Fourriére, M., Reyes-Bonilla, H., Rodríguez-Zaragoza, F. A., & Crane, N. (2014). Fishes of Clipperton Atoll, Eastern Pacific: Checklist, endemism, and analysis of completeness of the inventory. Pacific Science, 68(3), 375-395.
Franke, R. & Acero, A. (1996). Peces óseos comerciales del Parque Gorgona, Pacífico colombiano (Osteichthyes: Muraenesocidae, Hemiramphidae, Belonidae, Scorpaenidae, Triglidae, Malacanthidae, Gerreidae, Sparidae, Kyphosidae, Sphyraenidae e Istiophoridae). Revista de Biología Tropical, 44(2), 763-770.
Friedlander, A. M., Zgliczynski, B. J., Ballesteros, E., Aburto-Oropeza, O, Bolaños, A., & Sala, E. (2012). The shallow-water fish assemblage of Isla del Coco National Park, Costa Rica: structure and patterns in an isolated, predator-dominated ecosystem. Revista de Biología Tropical, 60(Supplement 3), 321-338.
Fritzsche, R. A. (1995). Aulostomidae. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K. E. Carpenter, & V. H. Niem (Eds.), Guía FAO para Identificación de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacífico Centro-Oriental. Vol. III (p. 904). Rome, Italy: FAO.
Froese, R., & Pauly, D. (2012). Fishbase. (Version 08/2012). Retrived from http://www.fishbase.org
Garrison, G. (2005). Peces de la Isla del Coco/Isla del Coco Fishes (2nd ed.). Heredia, Costa Rica: Editorial INBio.
Gomon, M. F. (1977). A new genus and Eastern Pacific species of Bodianine labrid fish. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 89(54), 621-629.
Gomon, M. F. (1995). Labridae. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K. E. Carpenter, & V. H. Niem (Eds.), Guía FAO para Identificación de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacífico Centro-Oriental. Vol. III (pp. 1201-1225). Rome, Italy: FAO.
Gotelli, N.J., & Colwell, R.K. (2001). Quantifying biodiversity: procedures and pitfalls in measurement and comparison of species richness. Ecology Letters, 4, 379-391.
Heemstra, P. C. (1995). Serranidae. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K. E. Carpenter, & V. H. Niem (Eds.), Guía FAO para Identificación de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacífico Centro-Oriental. Vol. III (pp. 1565-1613). Rome, Italy: FAO.
Heemstra, P. C., & Randall, J. E. (1993). FAO species catalogue Vol. 16, Groupers of the World (Family Serranidae, Subfamily Epinephelinae): An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper, and lyretail species known to date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, 125(16).
Hinderstein, L. M., Marr, J. C. A., Martinez, F. A., Dowgiallo, M. J., Puglise, K. A., Pyle, R. L., … Appeldoorn, R. (2010). Theme section on “Mesophotic Coral Ecosystem: Characterization, Ecology, and Management”. Coral Reefs, 29, 247-251.
Hoese, D. F. (1995). Gobiidae. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K. E. Carpenter, & V. H. Niem (Eds.), Guía FAO para Identificación de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacífico Centro-Oriental. Vol. III (pp. 1129-1135). Rome, Italy: FAO.
Hooker, M. (2009). Nuevos registros de peces costeros tropicales para el Perú. Revista Peruana de Biología, 16(1), 33-41.
Hughes, T. P, Barnes, M. L., Bellwood, D. R., Cinner, J. E., Cumming, G. S., Jackson, J. B. C., … Scheffer, M. (2017). Coral reefs in the Anthropocene. Nature, 546, 82-90.
Humann, P., & Deloach, N. (1993). Reef Fish Identification. Galápagos. Miami, Florida, United States: New World Publications, Inc.
Jiménez-Prado, P., & Béarez, P. (2004). Peces marinos del Ecuador continental/Marine fishes of continental Ecuador (Vol. 1). Quito, Ecuador: SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA.
Jordan, D. S., & Bollman, C. H. (1890). Scientific results of explorations by the US Fish Commission Steamer Albatross No. IV. Descriptions of new species of fishes collected at the Galapagos Islands and along the coast of the United States of Colombia, 1887-1888. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 12(770), 149-183.
Jordan, D. S., & Starks, E. C. (1907). Notes on fishes from the island of Santa Catalina, Southern California. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 32, 67-77.
Krupp, F., & Schneider, W. (1995). Pomacanthidae. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K. E. Carpenter, & V. H. Niem (Eds.), Guía FAO para Identificación de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacífico Centro-Oriental. Vol. III (pp. 1388-1391). Rome, Italy: FAO.
Lea, R. N., & Feeney, R. F. (2016). Status of two species of tailfish, Caulolatilus princeps (Jenyns) and C. hubbsi Dooley, originally described from the Galapagos Islands. Galapagos Research, 68, 10-12.
Lea, R. N., & Rosenblatt, R. H. (2000). Observations on fishes associated with the 1997-98 El Niño off California. Reports of California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations, 41, 117-129.
Leis, J. M. (2007). Diodontidae. Porcupine fishes (Burrfishes). In K. E. Carpenter, & V. H. Niem (Eds.), FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony Fishes, part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), Estuarine Crocodiles (pp. 3958-3965). Rome, Italy: FAO.
Lessios, H. A., & Robertson, D. R. (2006). Crossing the impassable: genetic connections in 20 reef fishes across the eastern Pacific barrier. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 273(1598), 2201-2208.
Lessios, H. A., & Robertson, D. R. (2013). Speciation on a round planet: phylogeography of the goatfish genus Mulloidichthys. Journal of Biogeography, 40(12), 2373-2384.
Lizano, O. G. (2012). Rasgos morfológicos alrededor de la Isla del Coco y de sus montes submarinos vecinos, Pacífico de Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical, 60(Supplement 3), 43-51.
Long, D. J., McCosker, J. E., Blum, S., & Klapfer, A. (2011). Tropical Eastern Pacific records of the prickly shark, Echinorhinus cookei (Chondrichthyes: Echinorhinidae). Pacific Science, 65(4), 433-440.
López, M. I., & Bussing, W. A. (1982). Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Pacífica de Costa Rica (rayas, tiburones): Preliminary list of salt-water fishes of the Pacific coast of Costa Rica (rays, sharks). Revista de Biología Tropical, 30(1), 5-26.
López-Garro, A., Zanella, I., Martínez, F., Golfín-Duarte, G., & Pérez-Montero, M. (2016). La pesca ilegal en el Parque Nacional Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Revista Biología Tropical, 64(Supplement 1), 249-261.
McCosker, J. E., & Humann, P. (1996). New records of Galápagos fishes. Noticias de Galápagos, 56, 18-22.
McCosker, J. E., Merlen, G., Long, D. J., Gilmore, R. G., & Villon, C. (1997). Deepslope fishes collected during the 1995 eruption of Isla Fernandina, Galápagos. Noticias de Galápagos, 58, 22-26.
McCosker, J. E., & Rosenblatt, R. H. (1995). Ophichthidae. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K. E. Carpenter, & V. H. Niem (Eds.), Guía FAO para Identificación de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacífico Centro-Oriental. Vol. III (pp. 1326-1341). Rome, Italy: FAO.
McCosker, J. E., & Rosenblatt, R. H. (2010). The fishes of the Galápagos Archipelago: an update. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 61(2), 167.
McCosker, J. E., & Smith, D. G. (2004). The Argus moray, Muraena Argus, added to the California fauna. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 55, 246-247.
McKay, R. J., & Schneider, M. (1995). Haemulidae. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K. E. Carpenter, & V. H. Niem (Eds.), Guía FAO para Identificación de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacífico Centro-Oriental. Vol. II (pp. 1326-1341). Rome, Italy: FAO.
Meléndez, C. R., & Markle, D. F. (1997). Phylogeny and zoogeography of Laemonema and Guttigadus (Pisces; Gadiformes; Moridae). Bulletin of Marine Science, 61, 593-670.
Montoya, M. (2016). Isla del Coco: Terrestrial ecosystems. In M. Kappelle (Ed.), Costa Rican Ecosystems (pp. 192-244). Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
Mora, C., Jiménez, J. M., & Zapata, F. A. (2000). Pontinus clemensi (Pisces: Scorpaenidae) at Malpelo Island, Colombia: new specimen and geographic range extension. Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras-INVEMAR, 29(1), 85-88.
Munroe, T. A., & McCosker, J. E. (2001). Redescription of Symphurus diabolicus a poorly-known, deep-sea tonguefish (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae) from the Galapagos Archipelago. Revista de Biología Tropical, 49(Supplement 1), 187-198.
Myers, R.F. (1999). Micronesian Reef Fishes: A Comprehensive Guide to the Coral Reef Fishes of Micronesia (3rd ed.). Barrigada, Guam: Coral Graphics.
Nakamura, I. (1995). Trichiuridae. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K. E. Carpenter, & V. H. Niem (Eds.), Guía FAO para Identificación de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacífico Centro-Oriental. Vol. II (pp. 1638-1642). Rome, Italy: FAO.
Nalbant, T. T. (1995). The genus Prognathodes (Pisces: Chaetodontidae) in Eastern Pacific Ocean (Baja California-Galapagos) with a discussion on the phylogeny of the group. Travaux du Museum d’Histoire Naturelle ‘Grigore Antipa, 35, 497-526.
Naranjo-Elizondo, B., & Cortés, J. (2018). Observations of litter deposited in deep waters of Isla del Coco National Park, Eastern Tropical Pacific. Frontiers in Marine Science, 5, 91. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2018.00091
Nelson, J. S. (2006). Fishes of the World (4th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Nielsen, J. G., Cohen, D. M., Markle, D. F., & Robins, C. R. (1999). FAO species catalogue Vol. 18, Ophidiiform fishes of the World (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, 18(125).
Oksanen, J., Guillaume-Blanchet, F, Friendly, M., Kindt, R., Legendre, P., McGlinn, D, … Helene, W. (2018). Vegan: Community Ecology Package. R package version 2.5-1. Retrieved from https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan
Owen, B., & Reitz, C. (2012). Description of Haliotis drogini new species (Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda: Haliotidae) from Cocos Island, Costa Rica. Abalone: World-Wide Haliotidae: Addendum, 3, 60-62.
Page, L. M., Espinosa-Pérez, H., Findley, L. T., Gilbert, C. R., Lea, R. N., Mandrak, N. E., … Nelson, J. S. (2013). Common and Scientific Names of Fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico (7th ed.). Bethesda, Maryland: American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 34.
Paulin, C. D., & Habib. G. (1982). Remoras (Pisces: Echeneidae) from New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 9, 31-36.
Poss, S. G. (1995). Scorpaenidae. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K. E. Carpenter, & V. H. Niem (Eds.), Guía FAO para Identificación de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacífico Centro-Oriental. Vol. III (pp. 1544-1564). Rome, Italy: FAO.
Poss, S. G., McCosker, J. E., & Baldwin, C. C. (2010). A new species of Scorpaenodes (Pisces: Scorpaenidae) from the Galápagos and Cocos islands with discussions of the limits of Scorpaenodes and Thysanichthys. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 61(1), 235.
Raju, S. N. (1985). Congrid eels of the Eastern Pacific and key to their leptocephali. (NOAA Technical Report NMFS 22).U.S.: Department of Commerce.
Randall, J. E. (2005). Reef and Shore Fishes of the South Pacific: New Caledonia to Tahiti and the Pitcairn Islands (Vol. 1). Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press.
Randall, J. E., Allen, G. R., & Steene, R. C. (1990). Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press.
Randall, J. E., & Cea, A. (2011). Shore Fishes of Easter Island. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press.
R Core Team (2018). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria. Retrieved from https://www.R-project.org/
Richards, W. J., & McCosker, J. E. (1998). A new species of the genus Bellator (Pisces: Triglidae), with comments on the trigloids of the Galápagos Islands. Proccedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 111(4), 936-941.
Robertson, D. R. (2008). Global biogeographical data bases on marine fishes: caveat emptor. Diversity and Distributions, 14(6), 891-892.
Robertson, D. R., & Allen, G. R. (2015). Peces Costeros del Pacífico Oriental Tropical: sistema de Información en línea. Versión 2.0. Instituto Smithsonian de Investigaciones Tropicales, Balboa, República de Panamá. Retrieved from http://biogeodb.stri.edu/sftep/es/
Robertson, D. R., Grove, J. S., & McCosker, J. E. (2004). Tropical transpacific shore fishes. Pacific Science, 58, 507-565.
Rocha, L. A., Pinheiro, H. T., Shepherd, B., Papastamatiou, Y. P., Luiz, O. J., Pyle, R. L., & Bongaerts, P. (2018). Mesophotic coral ecosystems are threatened and ecologically distinct from shallow water reefs. Science, 361, 281-284.
Rojas, W., & Alvarado, G. E. (2012). Geología y contexto geotectónico de la Isla del Coco y la zona marítima frente al Pacífico central de Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical, 60(Supplement 3), 15-32.
Schneider, M. (1995). Chaetodontidae. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K. E. Carpenter, & V. H. Niem (Eds.), Guía FAO para Identificación de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacífico Centro-Oriental. Vol. II (pp. 1000-1003). Rome, Italy: FAO.
Schneider, W., & Krupp, F. (1995). Malacanthidae. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K. E. Carpenter, & V. H. Niem (Eds.), Guía FAO para Identificación de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacífico Centro-Oriental. Vol. III (pp. 1266-1271). Rome, Italy: FAO.
Schneider, M., & Lavenberg, R. J. (1995). Antennariidae. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K. E. Carpenter, & V. H. Niem (Eds.), Guía FAO para Identificación de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacífico Centro-Oriental. Vol. II (pp. 854-857). Rome, Italy: FAO.
Smith, D. G. (1994). Catalog of type specimens of recent fishes in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 6: Anguilliformes, Saccopharyngiformes, and Notacanthiformes. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 566, 1-50.
Smith, D. G. (1995). Congridae. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K. E. Carpenter, & V. H. Niem (Eds.), Guía FAO para Identificación de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacífico Centro-Oriental. Vol. II (pp. 1026-1035). Rome, Italy: FAO.
Smith-Vaniz, W. F. (1995). Carangidae. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K. E. Carpenter, & V. H. Niem (Eds.), Guía FAO para Identificación de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacífico Centro-Oriental. Vol. II (pp. 940-986). Rome, Italy: FAO.
Sommer, C., & Parin, N. V. (1995). Aulopidae. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K. E. Carpenter, & V. H. Niem (Eds.), Guía FAO para Identificación de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacífico Centro-Oriental. Vol. II (pp. 902-903). Rome, Italy: FAO.
Soto, M. (2014). Octubre presenta mayor pesca ilegal en la Isla del Coco. Versión digital. Periódico La Nación, 20 October 2014. Retrived from http://www.nacion.com/vivir/ambiente/Octubre-pesca-ilegal-Isla Coco_0_1446255387.html
Starnes, W. C. (1995). Priacanthidae. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K. E. Carpenter, & V. H. Niem (Eds.), Guía FAO para Identificación de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacífico Centro-Oriental. Vol. III (pp. 1405-1408). Rome, Italy: FAO.
Starr, R. M., Cortés, J., Barnes, C. L., Green, K., & Breedy, O. (2012a). Characterization of deepwater invertebrates at Isla del Coco National Park and Las Gemelas Seamount, Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical, 60(Supplement 3), 303-319.
Starr, R. M., Green, K., & Sala, E. (2012b). Deepwater fish assemblages at Isla del Coco National Park and Las Gemelas Seamount, Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 60(Supplement 3), 347-362.
Sulak, K. J. (1995). Chlorophthalmidae. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K. E. Carpenter, & V. H. Niem (Eds.), Guía FAO para Identificación de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacífico Centro-Oriental. Vol. II (pp. 1005-1006). Rome, Italy: FAO.
Thompson, B. A. (1998). Redescription of Aulopus bajacali Parin & Kotlyar, 1984, comments on its relationships and new distribution records. Ichthyological Research, 45(1), 43-51.
Vavrek, M. J. (2011). Fossil: palaeoecological and palaeogeographical analysis tools. Palaeontologia Electronica, 14, 1T. Retrieved from http://palaeo-electronica.org/2011_1/238/index.html
Wehrtmann, I. S., Cortés, J., & Echeverría-Sáenz, S. (2009). Marine biodiversity of Costa Rica: perspectives and conclusions. In I. S. Wehrtmann, & J. Cortés (Eds.), Marine Biodiversity of Costa Rica, Central America (pp. 521-533). Berlin: Springer.
Comments
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2018 Revista de Biología Tropical