Keywords
galleta de mar; petaloides; alometría; morfometría; Océano Pacífico.
How to Cite
Abstract
Introduction: Clypeaster europacificus is a species of sand dollar found from 0 to 200 m in the Gulf of California. Objective: Describe the morphology and relative growth in the test of C. europacificus. Methods: We measured 1 846 museum specimens of C. europacificus (N = 1 846) and analyzed growth pattern in 32 specimens from Baja California Sur, Mexico (64 m depth). We studied five variables: major radius (R) (independent variable), minor radius (r), length of anterior petal (LP), total test area (A) and dry weight (P). Results: The petaloid cover area and the outline of the test are the important taxonomic characters for C. europacificus: they range from almost round in small specimens (≤ 3 cm in radius) to wavy, emphasizing a pentagonal outline, in larger organisms (≥ 3.1 cm in radius). Conclusions: There is negative allometric growth in the relationships R vs. r, R vs. A, and R vs. P; while the relationship R vs. LP has positive allometric growth.
References
Alvarez-Arellano, A., & Molina-Cruz, A. (1986). Aspectos paleoceanográficos cuaternarios del Golfo de California, evidenciados por conjuntos de radiolarios. Anales del Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, UNAM, México, 13(2): 67-94.
Agassiz, A. (1863). List of the echinoderms sent to different institutions in exchange for other specimens, with annotations. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College. 1: 17-28.
Agassiz, A. (1869). Preliminary report on the echini and star-fishes dredged in deep water between Cuba and the Florida Reef, by L. F. de Pourtalès, Assist. U.S. Coast Survey. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College. 1(9): 253-308.
Agassiz, A. (1872). Revision of the Echini. III. Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College. 3: 1-744.
Agassiz, L. (1835). Prodrome d’une monographie des Radiaires ou ´ Echinodermes. M´emoires de la Soci´et´e des Sciences Naturelles de Neuchˆatel, 1, 168–199.
Brusca, R.C. (1980). Chapter 26. Echinodermata. En. R.C. Brusca (Ed.), Common Intertidal Invertebrates of the Gulf of California (pp. 398-422). Arizona, USA: Universidad de Arizona Press, Tucson.
Caso, M.E. (1961). Los Equinodermos de México. Tesis Doctoral. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Caso, M.E. (1980). Los Equinoideos del Pacífico de México. Parte Tercera. Orden Clypeasteroida. Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Publicación Especial.
Clark, H.L. (1914). Hawaiian and other Pacific Echini: The Clypeastridea, Arachnoididae, Laganidae, Fibulariidae and Scutellidae. Memories of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy, 46, 1-81.
Clark, H.L. (1940). XXI. Notes on Echinoderms from the West Coast of Central America. Eastern Pacific Expeditions of the New York Zoological Society. Zoologica, 25(22), 331-352.
Clark, H.L. (1941). Reports on the scientific results of the Atlantis expeditions to the West Indies, under the joint auspices of the University of Havana and Harvard University. The Echinoderms (other than holothurians). Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural. 15(1): 1-154.
Clark, H.L. (1948). A report of the Echini of the warmer Eastern Pacific, based on the collections of the “Velero” III. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 8(5), 225-351.
Conejeros-Vargas, C.A., Solís-Marín, F.A., & Laguarda-Figueras, A. (2017). Equinoideos de mar profundo (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) del Pacífico mexicano. Revista de Biología Tropical, 65(1-1), S244-S252.
Coppard, S.E., & Campbell, A.C., (2006). Systematic significance of tridentate pedicellariae in the echinoid genera Diadema and Echinothrix. Invertebrate Biology, 125, 363-378.
Coppard, S.E., Kroh, A., & Smith, A.B. (2010). The evolution of pedicellariae in echinoids: an arms race against pests and parasites. Acta Zoologica, 20, 1-24.
Dubois, P., & Ameye, L. (2001). Regeneration of spines and pedicellariae in echinoderms: a review. Microscopy research and technique, 55(6), 427-437.
Durham, J.W. (1955). Classification of Clypeasteroid Echinoids. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences, 31(4), 73-198.
Escarcega-Quiroga, P.A., Granados-Barba, A., González-Gándara, C., Epherra, L., Marín-Hernández, M., & Crespi-Abril, A. (2019). Variación fenotípica del erizo Eucidaris tribuloides (Cidaroida: Cidaridae) en el Corredor Arrecifal del Suroeste del Golfo de México. Revista de Biología Tropical, 67(6), 1146-1159.
Francisco, V., & Pauls, S.M. (2008). Especies del orden Clypeasteroida (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) de las costas de Venezuela. Revista de Biología Tropical, 56(3), 215-228.
Fu-Shiang, C. (1969). Some observations on the locomotion and feeding of the sand dollar, Dendraster excentricus (Eschscholtz). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 3(2), 162-170.
Ghiold, J., & Hoffman, A. (1986). Biogeography and biogeographic history of clypeasteroid echinoids. Journal of Biogeography, 13(3), 183-206.
Gould, S.J. (1966). Allometry and size in ontogeny and phylogeny. Biological Reviews, 41(4), 587-638.
Grant, U.S.I., & Hertlein, L.G. (1938). The West American Cenozoic Echinoidea. Publications of the University of California at Los Angeles in Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 2, 1-225.
Gray, J.E. (1825). An attempt to divide the Echinida, or Sea Eggs, into natural families. Annals of Philosophy, new series. 10:423-431.
Huxley, J.S. (1924). Constant differential growth-ratios and their significance. Nature, 114(2877), 895-896.
Huxley, J.S. (1932). Problems of relative growth London: Methuen.
Huxley, J.S., & Teissier, G. (1936). Terminology of relative growth. Nature, 137(3471), 780-781.
Killian, C.E., & Wilt, F.H. (2008). Molecular aspects of biomineralization of the echinoderm endoskeleton. Chemical reviews, 108(11), 4463-4474.
Kroh, A., & Mooi, R. (2020). World Echinoidea Database. Clypeaster Lamarck, 1801. Retrieved from http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=205242 on 2020-07-09.
Lamarck, J.B. (1801). Système des animaux sans vertèbres, ou tableau général des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux; Présentant leurs caractères essentiels et leur distribution, d’apres la considération de leurs rapports naturels et de leur organisation, et suivant l’arrangement établi dans les galeries du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, parmi leurs dépouilles conservées; Précédé du discours d’ouverture du Cours de Zoologie, donné dans le Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle l’an 8 de la République. Published by the author and Deterville, Paris.
Lamarck, J.B. (1816). Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres présentant les caractéres généraux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres, et la citation des principales espèces qui s’y rapportent. Deterville. Paris.
Leske, N.G. (1778). Jacobi Theodori Klein naturalis dispositio echinodermatum . . ., edita et descriptionibus novisque inventis et synonomis auctorem aucta. Addimenta ad I.T. Klein naturalem dispositionem Echinodermatum. G.E. Beer, Leipzig.
Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], London, England, Laurentii Salvii.
Maluf, L.Y. (1988). Composition and Distribution of the Central Eastern Pacific Echinoderms. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Technical Reports, 2, 1-242.
Martino, C., Chiarelli, R., Roccheri, M.C., Matranga, V., & Byrne, M. (2019). Effects of magnesium deprivation on development and biomineralization in the sea urchin Arbacia lixula. Invertebrate Reproduction & Development, 63(3), 165-176.
Mihaljević, M., Jerjen, I., & Smith, A.B. (2011). The test architecture of Clypeaster (Echinoidea, Clypeasteroida) and its phylogenetic significance. Zootaxa, 2983, 21-38.
Mooi, R. (1989). Living and fossil genera of the Clypeasteroida (Echinoidea, Echinodermata): an illustrated key and annotated checklist. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution press.
Mortensen, T. (1948). A Monograph of the Echinoidea. IV. 2. Clypeastroida. Clypeastridae, Arachnoididae, Fibulariidae, Laganidae and Scutellidae. Copenhagen: Rietzel Publisher, Oxford University press.
Moureaux, C., Perez-Huerta, A., Compère, P., Zhu, W., Leloup, T., Cusack, M., & Dubois, P. (2010). Structure, composition, and mechanical relations to function in sea urchin spine. Journal of Structural Biology, 170(1), 41-49.
Seilacher, A. (1979). Constructional morphology of sand dollars. Paleobiology, 5, 191-221.
Smith, A.B., & Kroh, A. (2013). Phylogeny of sea urchins. En J.M. Lawrence (Eds.), Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science (Vol. 38, pp. 1-14). Países Bajos. Elsevier.
Solís-Marín, F.A., Caballero-Ochoa, A.A., Frontana-Uribe, S.C., Laguarda-Figueras, A., & Durán-González, A. (2017). Catálogo de Autoridades Taxonómicas de los Equinodermos de México. México: ICMyL, UNAM. Informe final, SNIB-CONABIO, Proyecto No. Z002.
Solís-Marín, F.A., Alvarado, J.J., Abreu-Pérez, M., Aguilera, O., Alió, J., Bacallado-Aránega, J. J., . . . Williams, S.M. (2013). Appendix: A.1 Taxonomic list of the Echinoderms of the Pacific coast of Latin America. En J.J. Alvarado & F.A. Solís-Marín (Eds.), Echinoderm Research and Diversity in Latin America (pp. 544-601). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
Swisher, R.E., & Lin, J.P. (2019). A geometric morphometric analysis of Arachnoides placenta (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida): an examination of ontogenetic development and morphological variation. Zoosymposia, 15(1), 159-171.
Vinnikova, V.V., & Drozdov, A.L. (2011). Spine skeleton morphogenesis during regeneration in clypeasteroid and camarodont sea urchins. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 37(4), 311-318.
Zachos, L.G. (2015). Holistic morphometric analysis of growth of the sand dollar Echinarachnius parma (Echinodermata: Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida). Zootaxa, 4052(2), 151-179.
Zar, J.H. (1999). Biostatistical analysis. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Ziesenhenne, F.C. (1937). The Templeton Crocker Expedition. X. Echinoderms from the West Coast of Lower California, the Gulf of California and Clarion Island. Zoologica, 22(3), 209-239.
Comments
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.