How to Cite
Abstract
Introduction: Prodiplosis longifila Gagné is a key pest of tomato in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Using a sex pheromone could be an efficient alternative for its monitoring and control, but its presence is unknown. Objective: To determine whether virgin females perform sexual calling and whether confined virgin females attract males. Methods: In the laboratory, 233 individual virgin females were observed between 5:00-20:30 h using a 60X magnifying glass, and the sexual call was determined by extrusion of the ovipositor. Ten virgin females were confined in 43 cm3 containers with tulle lids and coated with petroleum jelly to trap males (n = 16). Both containers were placed equidistantly on the upper inner side of a metal cage with tulle (2 400 cm3) where 10 males were released. The experiment was repeated with 20 confined females (n = 20). In both experiments, the number of attracted males was counted 12 hours later. In tomato crops, two Jackson traps were impregnated with odorless glue from which hung a 43 cm3 plastic container with tulle containing 19-34 virgin females (n = 15). The control containers had no females. Adult resting sites in the field were searched for. Results: P. longifila females performed sexual calling during the scotophase and that containers with females attracted more males than the control. In the field, the attraction was greatest 12 hours after the experiment was set up. At field P. longifila adults are active during the scotophase and rest during the photophase mainly on certain plants. Conclusions: The results indicate that virgin females of P. longifila perform sexual calling and strongly suggest that females release a sex pheromone.
References
Boddum, T., Skals, N., Hill, S. R., Hansson, B. S., & Hillbur, Y. (2010). Gall midge olfaction: Pheromone sensitive olfactory neurons in Contarinia nasturtii and Mayetiola destructor. Journal of Insect Physiology, 56(9), 1306–1314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.04.007
Bojacá, C. R., Arias, L. A., Ahumada, D. A., Casilimas, H. A., & Schrevens, E. (2013). Evaluation of pesticide residues in open field and greenhouse tomatoes from Colombia. Food Control, 30(2), 400–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.08.015
Bruce, T. J., Hooper, A. M., Ireland, L., Jones, O. T., Martin, J. L., Smart, L. E., Oakley, J., & Wadhams, L. J. (2007). Development of a pheromone trap monitoring system for orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana, in the UK. Pest Management Science, 63(1), 49–56. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.1307
Cade, W. H. (1985). Insect mating and courtship behaviour. In G. A. Kerkut, & L. Gilbert (Eds), Comprehensive insect physiology biochemistry and pharmacology (pp. 591–619). Pergamon Press.
Censier, F., Heuskin, S., San Martin, Y, Gomez, G., Michels, F., Fauconnier, M.-L., De Proft, M., Lognay, G. C., & Bodson, B. (2016). A pheromone trap monitoring system for the saddle gall midge, Haplodiplosis marginata (von Roser) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Crop Protection, 80, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2015.10.024
Crook, D. J., & Mordue, A. J. (1999). Olfactory responses and sensilla morphology of the blackcurrant leaf midge Dasineura tetensi. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 91(1), 37–50. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1570-7458.1999.00464.x
Cross, J. V., & Hall, D. R. (2007). Exploiting the sex pheromone of the apple leaf midge, Dasineura mali, for pest monitoring and control. IOBC-WPRS Bulletin, (30),159–167.
Delgado, A. (1998). Biología y evaluación de métodos de manejo de Prodiplosis longifila Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) en un cultivo de tomate Lycopersicon esculentum del Valle del Cauca [Tesis de maestría]. Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
Díaz-Silva, F. (2011). Aspectos agroecológicos para el manejo integrado de Prodiplosis longifila Gagné en la irrigación de Chavimochic. Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Trujillo, Perú. https://www.academia.edu/15424714
Duque, V., Manzano, M. R., & Rodriguez, E. (2018). Biology of Prodiplosis longifila Gagné and population fluctuation in tomato crops sprayed with insecticides. Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín, 71(1), 8351–8358.
Fitzpatrick, S. M., Gries, R., Khaskin, G., Peach, D. A. H., Iwanski, J., & Gries, G. (2013). Populations of the Gall Midge Dasineura oxycoccana on cranberry and blueberry produce and respond to different sex pheromones. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 39(1), 37–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-012-0230-7
Gadenne, C., Barrozo, R. B., & Anton, S. (2016). Plasticity in insect olfaction: To smell or not to smell? Annual Review of Entomology, 61(1), 317–333. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023523
Gagné, R. J. (1986). Revision of Prodiplosis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) with descriptions of three new species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 79(1), 235–245. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/79.1.235
Gagné, R. J. (1994) The Gall Midges of the Neotropical Region. Cornell University Press.
Geraud-Pouey, F., Garces, A., Contreras, N., & Geraud-Chirinos, J. E. (2022). Prodiplosis longifila (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), evolución como plaga y un método para evaluar sus poblaciones en tomate. Revista Colombiana de Entomología, 48(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v48i1.7807
Gries, R., Gries, G., Khaskin, G., King, S., Olfert, O., Kaminski, L.-A., Lamb, R., & Bennett, R. (2000). Sex pheromone of orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana. Naturwissenschaften, 87(10), 450–454. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001140050757
Groot, A. T. (2014). Circadian rhythms of sexual activities in moths: a review. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 2. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2014.00043
Hall, D. R., Amarawardana, L., Cross, J. V., Francke, W., Boddum, T., & Hillbur, Y. (2012). The chemical ecology of Cecidomyiid midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology, 38(1), 2–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-011-0053-y
Harris, M. O., & Rose, S. (1991). Factors influencing the onset of egglaying in a cecidomyiid fly. Physiological Entomology, 16(2), 183–190. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1991.tb00555.x
Harris, M. O., & Foster, S. P. (1999). Gall midges. In J. Hardie, & A. K. Minks (Eds.), Pheromones of non-lepidopteran insects associated with agricultural plants (pp. 27–49). CAB International.
Hernandez, L. M., Guzman, Y. C., Martínez-Arias, A., Manzano, M. R., & Selvaraj, J. J. (2015). The bud midge Prodiplosis longifila: Damage characteristics, potential distribution and presence on a new crop host in Colombia. SpringerPlus, 4(1), 205. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-015-0987-6
Hernandez-Mahecha, L. M., Manzano, M. R., Guzmán, Y. C., & Buhl, P. N. (2018). Parasitoids of Prodiplosis longifila Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and other cecidomyiidae species in Colombia. Acta Agronómica, 67(1), 186–193. https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v67n1.62712
Hillbur, Y., Bengtsson, M., Löfqvist, J., Biddle, A., Pillon, O., Plass, E., Francke, W., & Hallberg, E. (2001). A chiral sex pheromone system in the pea midge, Contarinia pisi. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 27(7), 1391–1407. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010317310027
Hillbur, Y., Celander, M., Baur, R., Rauscher, S., Haftmann, J., Franke, S., & Francke, W. (2005). Identification of the sex pheromone of the swede midge, Contarinia nasturtii. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 31(8), 1807–1828. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-005-5928-3
Hodgdon, E. A., Hallett, R. H., Stratton, C. A., & Chen, Y. H. (2019). Diel patterns of emergence and reproductive behaviour in the invasive swede midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 151(04), 510–520. https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2019.21
Isidoro, N., Williams, I. H., Solinas, M., & Martin, A. (1992). Mating behaviour and identification of the female sex pheromone gland in the brassica pod midge (Dasineura brassicae Winn.: Cecidomyiidae, Diptera). Bollettino dell'Istituto di Entomologia Guido Grandi della Università degli Studi di Bologna (47), 27–48.
Knutson, A. E., Giles, K. L., Royer, T. A., Elliott, N. C., & Bradford, N. (2017). Application of pheromone traps for managing hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in the southern great plains. Journal of Economic Entomology, 110(3), 1052–1061. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tox088
Liu, Y.-J., Hall, D., Cross, J., Farman, D., Amarawardana, L., Liu, Q.-R., & He, X.-K. (2009). (2S,8Z)-2-Butyroxy-8-heptadecene: Major component of the sex pheromone of chrysanthemum gall midge, Rhopalomyia longicauda. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 35(6), 715–723. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-009-9647-z
McKay, P. A., & Hatchett, J. H. (1984). Mating behavior and evidence of a female sex pheromone in the Hessian Fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 77(5), 616–620. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/77.5.616
Miller, G. E., & Borden, J. H. (1984). Reproductive behaviour of the Douglas-fir cone gall midge, Contarinia oregonensis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 116(4), 607–618. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent116607-4
Pianka, E. R. (1982). Ecología evolutiva. Ediciones Omega, S. A.
Pivnick, K. A., & Labbé, E. (1992). Emergence and calling rhythms, and mating behaviour of the orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 124(3), 501–507. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent124501-3
Ricupero, M., Desneux, N., Zappalà, L., & Biondi, A. (2020). Target and non-target impact of systemic insecticides on a polyphagous aphid pest and its parasitoid. Chemosphere, 247, 125728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125728
Riolo, P., Ruschioni, S., Minuz, R. L., Romani, R., & Isidoro, N. (2014). Female sex pheromone gland of the boxwood leafminer, Monarthropalpus buxi (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae): Morphological and behavioural evidence. European Journal of Entomology, 111(1), 75–81.
Solinas, M., & Nuzzaci, G. (1987). Antennal sensilla of Mycodiplosis erysiphes ruebs Cecidomyiidae, Diptera). Bollettino dell'Istituto di Entomologia Guido Grandi della Università degli Studi di Bologna (41), 173–194.
Valarezo, O., Cañarte, E., Arias, M., Proaño, J., Navarrete, B., Garzón, A., Jines, A., Cuadros, A., Porro, M., Linzán, L., & Chávez, J., (2003). Diagnóstico, bioecología y manejo sostenible de la negrita Prodiplosis longifila en el Ecuador. Informe Final. Instituto Nacional Autónomo de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIAP. Estación Experimental Portoviejo. Ecuador.
Van Lenteren, J. C., Schettino, M., Isidoro, N., Romani, R., & Schelt, J. (2002). Morphology of putative female sex pheromone glands and mating behaviour in Aphidoletes aphidimyza. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 102(2), 199–209. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1570-7458.2002.00940.x
Velasco‐Cuervo, S. M., Espinosa, L. L., Duque‐Gamboa, D. N., Castillo‐Cárdenas, M. F., Hernández, L. M., Guzmán, Y. C., Manzano, M. R., & Toro‐Perea, N. (2016). Barcoding, population structure, and demographic history of Prodiplosis longifila associated with the Andes. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 158(2), 217–227. https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.12397
Witzgall, P., Kirsch, P., & Cork, A. (2010). Sex pheromones and their impact on pest management. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 36(1), 80–100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-009-9737-y
Xu, L., Xie, Y., Na, R., & Li, Q. X. (2020). Mini-review: Recent advances in the identification and application of sex pheromones of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Pest Management Science, 76(12), 3905–3910. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5949
Zhang, F., Chen, J., Ma, M., Lu, P., Liu, S., Guo, K., Xu, R., Qiao, H., & Xu, C. (2021). Morphology and distribution of antennal sensilla in the gall midge Gephyraulus lycantha (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Micron, 145, 103061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2021.103061
Comments
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2024 Revista de Biología Tropical