Palabras clave
producción de flores y frutos; Gentianaceae; fenología de arbustos; bosque tropical; morfología de frutos, Reserva Biológica Tirimbina.
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción: Potalia turbinata (Gentianaceae) es un arbusto distribuido desde Nicaragua hasta Panamá. La información sobre la biología de esta especie es escasa y se desconoce su fenología reproductiva.
Objetivo: Describir en detalle la fenología reproductiva de P. turbinata, caracterizar morfológicamente sus frutos y semillas, y determinar si la producción de frutos y flores se correlaciona con el clima (temperatura y precipitación) y el vigor de la planta.
Métodos: La investigación se llevó a cabo en la Reserva Biológica Tirimbina, Sarapiquí, Costa Rica, desde enero 2017 hasta marzo 2019. Se realizaron conteos mensuales de flores y frutos en 86 plantas. Se utilizaron estadísticas circulares para determinar la duración y el pico de las fenofases de flores y frutos. La producción de frutos se comparó entre años para describir los ciclos reproductivos. Se probó la correlación entre la cantidad de flores y frutos y la estacionalidad climática. Las mediciones de las plantas incluyeron altura, diámetro basal del tallo, número de hojas, semillas promedio por fruto, dimensiones de frutos y semillas, y dureza de los frutos. El vigor de la planta (altura, diámetro basal, número de hojas fueron variables usadas como una aproximación de vigor) se evaluó en relación con el tamaño de la cosecha de frutos.
Resultados: La floración duró entre 2 y 6 meses por planta, con un pico en abril, mientras que la fructificación fue prolongada (3–10 meses), con un pico moderado en agosto. La abundancia de flores se correlacionó negativamente con la precipitación, pero la fructificación no mostró una correlación significativa con el clima. La producción de frutos se correlacionó negativamente con la altura de la planta y positivamente con el diámetro basal del tallo. Las plantas sin frutos tenían más hojas que las plantas con frutos.
Conclusiones: A nivel de población P. turbinata tiene un ciclo reproductivo anual pero los individuos tienen una reproducción irregular supra-anual, un ciclo reproductivo poco común en especies tropicales.
La correlación entre la floración y menor precipitación respalda la posibilidad de polinización por insectos, aunque aún se requieren observaciones directas de polinizadores. Los resultados coinciden con otros estudios que indican una correlación entre el número de frutos y el tamaño de la planta. Esta investigación aporta información sobre la fenología reproductiva y las características de los frutos de P. turbinata, sentando las bases para futuras investigaciones sobre sus interacciones con polinizadores y dispersores.
Citas
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