Effects of proprioceptive exercise-based interventions on fall prevention in older adults: meta-analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/ja8tqz56Keywords:
accidental falls, older people, propioception, physical exerciseAbstract
OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of proprioceptive exercises on fall prevention in older adults. METHODOLOGY: A primary meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the impact of these interventions on the fall rate, complemented by three secondary meta-analyses designed to analyze their effect on indicators associated with fall risk (dynamic balance, static balance, and fear of falling). The search was carried out in specialized databases between August and October, 2023, identifying 11 studies that met the inclusion criteria. For the primary meta-analysis, a random-effect model with a negative binomial distribution was used, while for the secondary meta-analyses, a conventional random-effect model was used. RESULTS: The primary meta-analysis showed a significant reduction in the incidence rate of falls in the proprioceptive training group compared to the control group (TEpp = 0.71, 95% CI [0.55, 0.91]). Significant improvements were observed in dynamic balance (TEpp = -0.15, 95% CI [-0.27, -0.04]) and static balance (TEpp = 0.60, 95% CI [0.45, 0.75]). No significant differences were identified in fear of falling (TEpp = -0.02, 95% CI [-0.15, 0.11]). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that proprioceptive exercises are an effective strategy for reducing the risk of falls in older adults, primarily due to improvements in postural control resulting from enhanced dynamic and static balance, as well as increased confidence in their balance.
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