Efeitos de intervenções baseadas em exercícios proprioceptivos na prevenção de quedas em idosos: metanálise
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/ja8tqz56Palavras-chave:
quedas acidentais, idosos, propriocepção, exercício físicoResumo
OBJETIVO: O principal objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de exercícios proprioceptivos na prevenção de quedas em idosos. METODOLOGIA: Uma metanálise primária foi realizada para estimar o impacto dessas intervenções na taxa de quedas, complementada por três metanálises secundárias destinadas a analisar seu efeito sobre indicadores associados ao risco de quedas (equilíbrio dinâmico, equilíbrio estático, medo de cair). A busca foi realizada em bases de dados especializadas durante o período de agosto a outubro de 2023, identificando 11 estudos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Para a análise da primeira metanálise, foi utilizado um modelo de efeitos aleatórios com distribuição binomial negativa, enquanto para as metanálises secundárias foi utilizado um modelo de efeitos aleatórios convencional. RESULTADOS: A primeira metanálise mostrou uma redução significativa na taxa de incidência de quedas no grupo de treinamento proprioceptivo em comparação com o grupo de controle (TEpp = 0,71, IC 95% [0,55, 0,91]). Observaram-se melhorias significativas no equilíbrio dinâmico (TEpp = -0,15, IC 95% [-0,27, -0,04]) e no equilíbrio estático (TEpp = 0,60, IC 95% [0,45, 0,75]), mas não foram identificadas diferenças significativas no medo de cair (TEpp = -0,02, IC 95% [-0,15, 0,11]). CONCLUSÃO: Esses resultados indicam que os exercícios proprioceptivos representam uma estratégia eficaz para reduzir o risco de quedas em idosos, principalmente devido às melhorias no controle postural, no equilíbrio dinâmico e estático, bem como na confiança no próprio equilíbrio.
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