Uma análise bibliométrica dos efeitos do exercício aeróbico no excesso de peso (1978–2025)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/3g5zkb09Palavras-chave:
exercício aeróbico, atividade física, saúde pública, peso corporalResumo
O excesso de peso é um problema de saúde pública global, associado a múltiplas doenças crônicas. O exercício aeróbico, amplamente reconhecido por melhorar o controle do peso, o condicionamento cardiorrespiratório e a função metabólica, tornou-se uma estratégia central de intervenção. No entanto, o panorama científico global sobre o exercício aeróbico, especificamente em populações com excesso de peso, permanece insuficientemente mapeado. O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar o desenvolvimento científico, os principais temas de pesquisa e os padrões de colaboração utilizando métodos bibliométricos em publicações indexadas na Web of Science Core Collection (SCIE e SSCI) entre 1978 e 2025 (data da pesquisa: 23 de março de 2025). Foram recuperados e analisados 3983 documentos utilizando o pacote Bibliometrix (R), visualizando tendências de publicação, redes de coautoria e cocitação, bem como agrupamento de palavras-chave. O setor cresceu rapidamente desde 2000, com uma taxa média de crescimento anual de 7,35%. Os Estados Unidos lideram em volume e impacto de citações, seguidos pelo Reino Unido e Canadá. A China apresenta alta produção científica, mas baixo índice de citações, o que destaca a necessidade de fortalecer a colaboração internacional. As revistas de maior impacto pertencem principalmente às áreas de ciência do exercício e da obesidade. A análise de palavras-chave mostra uma transição de intervenções gerais para mecanismos específicos, populações específicas e resultados multidimensionais, como resistência à insulina, composição corporal e aptidão cardiorrespiratória. Conclui-se que a pesquisa sobre exercícios aeróbicos em pessoas com excesso de peso evoluiu para um campo multidisciplinar e de colaboração global. Os esforços futuros devem priorizar a qualidade científica, a cooperação internacional e estratégias de intervenção adaptadas que promovam a saúde global.
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