Organizational climate and turnover intention among healthcare personnel in primary care centers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/6mwrc320Keywords:
healthcare centers, organizational climate, intention, staff turnoverAbstract
Introduction: Organizational climate (OC), defined as the perception of the physical and human environment, is a key factor in job performance and staff retention at health care facilities. The objective of this study is to confirm the association between organizational climate and the intention to leave among healthcare personnel in primary care centers. Methodology: A cross-sectional, multicenter study conducted from August to November 2025, involving 418 participants working in primary care centers within a healthcare network in Peru. The independent variable was an unhealthy organizational climate, and the dependent variable was turnover intention (TI). A descriptive analysis was performed, and prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated using generalized linear models to test the association between the variables. Results: Among the participants, 49.8% rated the organizational climate as unhealthy, and 25.4% intend to leave the health center. Among the group of healthcare workers who were responsible for the primary care center, 77.4% perceived the organizational climate as unhealthy, and 22.6% as healthy. An unhealthy organizational climate showed a significant association with IR (OR = 3.45; 95% CI: 2.28–5.21). Conclusions: An unhealthy organizational climate is associated with turnover intentions among healthcare staff in primary care settings.
Downloads
References
Achmad, Z. (2019). Theory of planned behavior, Masihkah Relevan? Academia.edu. https://www.academia.edu/6121811/THEORY_OF_PLANNED_BEHAVIOR_MASIHKAH_RELEVAN
Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange And Power In Social. Wiley. https://ia801700.us.archive.org/6/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.118920/2015.118920.Exchange-And-Power-In-Social-Life_text.pdf
Bracarense, C. F., Costa, N. dos S., Raponi, M. B. G., Goulart, B. F., Chaves, L. D. P., & Simões, A. L. de A. (2022). Organizational climate and nurses’ turnover intention: A mixed method study. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 75, e20210792. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0792
Bustamante-Ubilla, M., Lapo Maza, M. del C., Tello-Sánchez, M. G., & Núñez-Lapo, M. de los Á. (2019). Origen, Desarrollo y Evolución del Constructo Clima Organizacional. Revista Empresarial, 12(46), 12–23. https://doi.org/10.23878/EMPR.V12I46.138
Callado, A., Teixeira, G., & Lucas, P. (2023). Turnover Intention and Organizational Commitment of Primary Healthcare Nurses. Healthcare, 11(4), 521. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11040521
Chen, L., & Yang, X. (2019). Using EPPM to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Fear Appeal Messages Across Different Media Outlets to Increase the Intention of Breast Self-examination Among Chinese Women. Health Communication, 34(11), 1369–1376. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2018.1493416
Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social Exchange Theory: An Interdisciplinary Review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874-900. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305279602
Fajardo-Aguilar, G. M., Almache-Delgado, V. J., & Olaya Santos, H. K. (2020). Clima organizacional en las instituciones de salud desde una perspectiva teórica. Revista Científica UISRAEL, 7(1), 153-164https://doi.org/10.35290/rcui.v7n1.2020.200
Galanis, P., Moisoglou, I., Papathanasiou, I. V., Malliarou, M., Katsiroumpa, A., Vraka, I., Siskou, O., Konstantakopoulou, O., & Kaitelidou, D. (2024). Association between Organizational Support and Turnover Intention in Nurses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare, 12(3), 291. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12030291
Hernita, N., Marianti, M. M., & Deti, R. (2024). Sebuah Tinjauan Literature Review: Intention To Leave. Coopetition: Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, 15(3), 419–442. https://doi.org/10.32670/coopetition.v15i3.4795
Hobfoll, Halbesleben, J., Neveu, J.P., & Westman, M. (2018). Conservation of Resources in the Organizational Context: The Reality of Resources and Their Consequences. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5(Volume 5, 2018), 103-128. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104640
Hobfoll, S. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2F0003-066X.44.3.513
Hossny, E. K., Alotaibi, H. S., Mahmoud, A. M., Elcokany, N. M., Seweid, M. M., Aldhafeeri, N. A., Abdelkader, A. M., & Abd Elhamed, S. M. (2023). Influence of nurses’ perception of organizational climate and toxic leadership behaviors on intent to stay: A descriptive comparative study. International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances, 5, 100147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnsa.2023.100147
Ibrahim Alzamel, L. G., Abdullah, K. L., Chong, M. C., & Chua, Y. P. (2020). The quality of work life and turnover intentions among Malaysian nurses: The mediating role of organizational commitment. Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, 95(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42506-020-00048-9
Li, X., Wang, J., He, L., Hu, Y., Li, C., Xie, Y., Wang, N., Luo, A., & Lu, Z. (2024). Turnover intention and influential factors among primary healthcare workers in Guangdong province, China: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 14(11), e084859. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084859
Ministerio de Salud del Perú. (2011). Resolución Ministerial N.° 468-2011-MINSA. https://www.gob.pe/institucion/minsa/normas-legales/243565-468-2011-minsa
Ministerio de Salud del Perú. (2012). Metodología para el estudio del clima organizacional: Documento técnico (R.M. No 468-2011/MINSA). https://www.gob.pe/institucion/minsa/informes-publicaciones/321710-metodologia-para-el-estudio-del-clima-organizacional-documento-tecnico-r-m-n-468-2011-minsa
Nei, D., Snyder, L. A., & Litwiller, B. J. (2015). Promoting retention of nurses: A meta-analytic examination of causes of nurse turnover. Health Care Management Review, 40(3), 237-253. https://doi.org/10.1097/HMR.0000000000000025
Nikolaev, D. (2021). Conceptual Rethinking Self-Determination Theory: The Project of Constructivist SDT. September 2021. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/r4k7z
Olaz-Capitán, Á. (2024). Definiendo el clima laboral. 100 años de revisión bibliográfica. Revista Internacional de Organizaciones, 32, 123–145. https://doi.org/10.17345/rio32.458
Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2021). WHO guideline on health workforce development, attraction, recruitment and retention in rural and remote areas. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240024229
Pepple, G. J., Ene, O. E.-I., Dauda, O. T., Omosebi, M. A., & Ogar, G. W. (2024). Effect of Self-Determination Theory (SDT) Elements on the Retention of Nurses at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), Calabar, Nigeria. African Journal of Management and Business Research, 15(1), 84-104. https://doi.org/10.62154/6596z753
Poon, Y.-S. R., Lin, Y. P., Griffiths, P., Yong, K. K., Seah, B., & Liaw, S. Y. (2022). A global overview of healthcare workers’ turnover intention amid COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review with future directions. Human Resources for Health, 20(1), 70. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-022-00764-7
Ryandana, A., Hermuningsih, S., & Sari, P. P. (2023). Dampak Motivasi Investasi, Literasi Keuangan, dan Lingkungan Keluarga Terhadap Minat Investasi Anak Milenial. Ekonomis: Journal of Economics and Business, 7(1), 226. https://doi.org/10.33087/ekonomis.v7i1.818
Schneider, B., Ehrhart, M. G., & Macey, W. H. (2025). Organizational Climate and Culture: History, Current Status, Integration, and Change. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-020924-070545
Su, Y., Jiang, Z., Meng, R., Lu, G., & Chen, C. (2023). The effect of organizational justice on young nurses’ turnover intention: The mediating roles of organizational climate and emotional labour. Nurse Education in Practice, 72, 103723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103723
Tabañag, M. A. T., & Manaois, J. O. (2024). Psychological Capital and the Theory of Planned Behavior: Predicting Employee Turnover Intention in Region 7, Philippines. Philippine Social Science Journal, 7(2), 94-104. https://doi.org/10.52006/main.v7i2.950
Wang, J., Lv, H., Qin, Q., Jiang, H., Ren, W., & Mohd Shariff, N. (2025). A global prevalence of turnover intention among doctors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 22645. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07019-0
Williams, L. J., & Hazer, J. T. (1986). Antecedents and Consequences of Satisfaction and Commitment in Turnover Models. A Reanalysis Using Latent Variable Structural Equation Methods. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(2), 219–231. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.2.219
Yáñez, J. A., Afshar Jahanshahi, A., Alvarez-Risco, A., Li, J., & Zhang, S. X. (2020). Anxiety, Distress, and Turnover Intention of Healthcare Workers in Peru by Their Distance to the Epicenter during the COVID-19 Crisis. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 103(4), 1614-1620. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0800
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Bladimir Becerra-Canales, Josefa Bertha Pari-Olarte , Javier Hernán Chavez-Espinoza, Patricia Cecilia Castillo-Romero, América Justa Soto-Cárdenas, Margarita Cordova-Delgado, José Santiago Almeida-Galindo (Autor/a)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Population and Health in Mesoamerica informs its authors and readers that all publications must be submitted with the Letter of Acceptance of Copyright Conditions where the authors are asked for authorization to submit the article to the Journal for consideration so that it may carry out any of the following activities:
- The graphic and style editing of the work or part of it.
The publication and reproduction of the work or part of it, both in print and electronic media, including the Internet and any other known or unknown technology.
The translation of the work or part of it into any language or dialect.
The adaptation of the work to reading, sound, voice and any other available technical representation or mechanism, which makes possible its access for partially or totally blind people, or with any other form of special abilities that prevent their access to the conventional reading of the article.
The distribution and availability of the work to the public, in such a way that the public may have access to them from the time and place that each person chooses, through the physical or electronic mechanisms available to them.
Any other form of use, process or system known or to be known that is related to the activities and editorial purposes to which the Journal is linked.
You can access the Letter by clicking HERE. If you have a question, please write to revista.ccp@ucr.ac.cr
In addition, the content of this site is protected under the Attribution - Noncommercial - Share Alike (by-nc-sa) license which permits commercial use of the original work or derivative works and distribution of which must be made under the same license that governs the original work. The graphic design, images and texts generated by the e-Information Science magazine are property of the Universidad de Costa Rica and are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International.
Authors who publish in this journal accept the following conditions:
-The authors retain their moral rights over the publication and assign the patrimonial rights mentioned in the Letter of Assignment of Rights with the Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - Compatitr Equal 4.0 International license, which allows third parties to use what is published as long as they mention the authorship of the work and to the first publication in this journal.
-Authors may make other independent and additional contractual arrangements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the article published in this journal (e.g., inclusion in an institutional repository or publication in a book) as long as they clearly indicate that the work was first published in this journal.
This policy is established in accordance with Law 6638 on Copyright and Related Rights of the Republic of Costa Rica.
