Arquitectura de elección y consentimiento informado en salud pública: condiciones éticas para intervenciones comunitarias

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15517/5tzky323

Palabras clave:

determinantes sociales de la salud, formulación de políticas, justicia social, participación de la comunidad, toma de decisiones

Resumen

Introducción: La incorporación de la arquitectura de elección en las políticas de salud pública ha reavivado el debate sobre la legitimidad ética de intervenciones que modifican entornos decisorios compartidos sin recurrir a la coerción, pero que, por su alcance poblacional, impiden obtener un consentimiento informado individual. Proposición: Se plantea que la legitimidad de estas intervenciones no depende de preservar formalmente la posibilidad de elegir, sino de establecer salvaguardas institucionales que protejan la autonomía mediante criterios de transparencia, justicia y participación democrática. Argumentos para la discusión: El análisis muestra que la imposibilidad de obtener consentimiento individual no exime la obligación de proteger la autonomía, sino que exige reemplazar su función garantista por mecanismos colectivos. Como resultado, se propone una matriz de legitimidad basada en la publicidad del diseño, la distribución equitativa de beneficios y cargas, la prevención del estigma estructural y la incorporación de los saberes de las comunidades afectadas. Asimismo, se plantea un modelo de gobernanza deliberativa que integra mini públicos ciudadanos, evaluación bioética independiente, proporcionalidad, revisabilidad, reversibilidad, objeción colectiva y registros de diseño auditables. Conclusiones: La arquitectura de elección en salud pública solo puede considerarse éticamente justificable cuando se sustenta en procedimientos institucionales transparentes, participativos y sujetos a rendición de cuentas. En consecuencia, la autonomía relacional constituye un marco normativo más adecuado que el consentimiento informado individual para evaluar intervenciones dirigidas a poblaciones y entornos compartidos.

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Publicado

2026-11-04