Keywords
Vía área faríngea; Mandíbula retrognática; Maxila prognática, Clase II, Cefalometría.
How to Cite
Abstract
The aim of the study is to evaluate pharyngeal airway dimensions and hyoid bone position according to different Class II malocclusion types in Turkish population. Materials and Methods: The retrospective clinical study consisted of patients divided into 3 subgroups with skeletal Class II malocclusion. A total of 221 individuals (131 females and 90 males) were included in the study. Individuals with skeletal Class II malocclusion were divided into three subgroups as maxillary prognathia, mandibular retrognathia and combined. In the cephalometric analysis; 8 nasopharyngeal, 7 oropharyngeal, 2 hypopharyngeal, 9 hyoid measurements and 4 area measurements were used. The distribution of sex and growth-development stages of the patients were compared with the Pearson chi-square test. One-way ANOVA was used to evaluate patients. Tukey Post-Hoc tests were used for bilateral comparisons for significant parameters. SPSS package program was used for data analysis. Results were considered statistically significant at p<0.05 significance level. Results: According to findings, there was no significant difference between the groups in nasopharyngeal airway and area measurements (p>0.05). When the position of the hyoid bone was evaluated, a statistically significant difference was found between the three groups in the measurements of Hy-Pg (mm) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Linear and areal nasopharyngeal airway dimensions are similar in subgroups of Class II malocclusions, while the distance of the hyoid bone from the pogonion is less in the mandibular retrognathia group.
References
Moss M. The Functional Matrix. Vistas in Orthod. 1962, p. 85-98.
Grauer D., Cevidanes L.S., Styner M.A., Ackerman J.L., Proffit W.R. Pharyngeal airway volume and shape from cone-beam computed tomography: relationship to facial morphology. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009; 136 (6): 805-14.
Jena A.K., Singh S.P., Utreja A.K. Sagittal mandibular development effects on the dimensions of the awake pharyngeal airway passage. Angle Orthod. 2010; 80 (6): 1061-7.
El H., Palomo J.M. An airway study of different maxillary and mandibular sagittal positions. Eur J Orthod. 2011; 35 (2): 262-70.
Oh K-M, Hong J-S, Kim Y-J, Cevidanes LS, Park Y-H. Three-dimensional analysis of pharyngeal airway form in children with anteroposterior facial patterns. Angle Orthod. 2011; 81 (6): 1075-82.
Proffit W., Fields J.H., Moray L. Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in the United States: estimates from the NHANES III survey. The International Journal of Adult Orthodontics Orthognathic Surgery. 1998; 13 (2): 97-106.
McNamara J., James A. Components of Class II malocclusion in children 8-10 years of age. The Angle Orthodontist. 1981; 51 (3): 177-202.
Keçik B.D. Mandibula konumunun üst hava yoluna etkisinin değerlendirilmesi. Türk Ortodonti Dergisi. 2009; 22: 93-101.
Küçükkaraca E., Üçüncü N. Sınıf II Div 1 ve Sınıf II Div 2 Malokluzyonlu Bireylerde Havayolunun Değerlendirilmesi. Turkiye Klinikleri Orthodontics-Special Topics, 2019; 5 (3): 23-28.
Kim Y.J., et al. Three-dimensional analysis of pharyngeal airway in preadolescent children with different anteroposterior skeletal patterns. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010; 137 (3): 306.e1-11.
Iwasaki T., et al. Evaluation of upper airway obstruction in Class II children with fluid-mechanical simulation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;139 (2): e135-45.
Zhong Z., et al. A comparison study of upper airway among different skeletal craniofacial patterns in nonsnoring Chinese children. Angle Orthod. 2010; 80 (2): 267-74. 10.
de Freitas M. R., et al. Upper and lower pharyngeal airways in subjects with Class I and Class II malocclusions and different growth patterns. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006; 130 (6): 742-5.
Alves M., Franzotti E., Baratieri C., Nunes L., Nojima L., Ruellas A. Evaluation of pharyngeal airway space amongst different skeletal patterns. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012; 41 (7): 8149.
Kirjavainen M., Kirjavainen T. Upper airway dimensions in Class II malocclusion: effects of headgear treatment. The Angle Orthodontist. 2007; 77 (6): 1046-53.
Mergen D.C., Jacobs R.M. The size of nasopharynx associated with normal occlusion and Class II malocclusion. The Angle Orthodontist. 1970; 40 (4): 342-6.
Stahl F., Baccetti T., Franchi L., McNamara Jr. J.A. Longitudinal growth changes in untreated subjects with Class II Division 1 malocclusion. American Journal of Orthodontics Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2008; 134 (1): 125-37.
Schwab R.J., Goldberg A.N. Upper airway assessment: radiographic and other imaging techniques. Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 1998; 31 (6): 931-68.
Muto T., Yamazaki A., Takeda S. A cephalometric evaluation of the pharyngeal airway space in patients with mandibular retrognathia and prognathia, and normal subjects. International Journal of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery. 2008; 37(3): 228-31.
Sprenger R., Martins LAC, dos Santos J.C.B., et al. A retrospective cephalometric study on upper airway spaces in different facial types. Prog Orthod. 2017: 18 (1),25.
Lamparski D. Skeletal age assessment utilizing cervical vertebrae. . University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, Master of dental science thesis, Pittsburgh, 1972.
Soni J., Shyagali T.R., Bhayya D.P., Shah R. Evaluation of pharyngeal space in different combinations of Class II skeletal malocclusion. Acta Informatica Medica. 2015; 23 (5): 285.
Ozl U., Orhan K., Rubenduz M. 2D lateral cephalometric evaluation of varying types of Class II subgroups on posterior airway space in postadolescent girls: a pilot study. J Orofac Orthop. 2013; 74: 18-27. 15.
Ceylan I., Oktay H. A study on the pharyngeal size in different skeletal patterns. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995; 108: 69-75
Tangugsorn V., Skatvedt O., Krogstad O., Lyberg T. Obstructive sleep apnea: A cephalometric study. (Part I). Cervicocranio facial skeletal morphology. Eur J Orthod. 1995; 17: 45-56.
Hong J.S., Oh K.M., Kim B.R., Kim Y.J., Park Y.H. Three-dimensional analysis of pharyngeal airway volume in adults with anterior position of the mandible. American Journal of Orthodontics Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2011; 140 (4): 161-9.
Battagel J., Johal A., L'Estrange P., Croft C., Kotecha B. Changes in airway and hyoid position in response to mandibular protrusion in subjects with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The European Journal of Orthodontics. 1999; 21 (4): 363-76.
Martin O., Muelas L., Viñas M.J. Comparative study of nasopharyngeal soft-tissue characteristics in patients with Class III malocclusion. American Journal of Orthodontics Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2011; 139 (2): 242-51.
Ekizer A., Türker G. Upper airway changes between different skeletal malocclusions. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. 2014.
Dincer B., Dogan S., Mutlu E. Evaluation of the Effects of Vertical Growth Patterns of Class II Patients on Airway Dimensions EÜ Dişhek Fak Derg 2012; 33 (2): 70-76.
Uslu-Akcam O. Pharyngeal airway dimensions in skeletal class II: A cephalometric growth study. Imaging science in dentistry. 2017; 47 (1): 1-9.
Sloan R.F., Bench R.W., Mulick J.F., Ricketts R.M., Brummett S.W., Westover J.L. The application of cephalometrics to cinefluorography: comparative analysis of hyoid movement patterns during deglutition in Class I and Class II orthodontic patients. The Angle Orthodontist. 1967; 37 (1): 26-34.
Sarı Z., Uysal T., Çatalbağ B., Üşümez S., Bağçiftçi F. Sınıf I, Sınıf II D II maloklüzyona sahip bireylerde hyoid kemik pozisyonu. Türk Ortodonti Dergisi. 2003; 16: 95-101.