Keywords
self-efficacy
planning
action control
self-monitoring
expectativas de resultado
autoeficacia
planeamiento
control de la acción
auto-monitoreo
How to Cite
Abstract
A theoretical framework to explain, predict, and modify health behaviors is presented which consists of various psychological constructs and a mediator mechanism. Risk perception, outcome expectancies, self-efficacy, intention, planning, and action control constitute the building blocks for a mediator model that is based on two processes: goal setting and goal pursuit. When it comes to the development of interventions to modify behaviors, one can target either the initial motivation phase or the subsequent volition phase. This is an open architecture framework allowing for various research designs and subsets of constructs. Hundreds of studies have been conducted based on this model. Three correlational and two intervention studies were chosen to illustrate the diversity of approaches targeting physical activity in Germany and Costa Rica, dental cleaning in India and Poland, and dust mask wearing in China. They differ in terms of the predictors that emerged as most relevant for behavior change.
References
Abraham, C., & Sheeran, P. (2000). Understanding and changing health behaviour: From health beliefs to self-regulation. In P. Norman, C. Abraham, & M. Conner (Eds.), Understanding and changing health behaviour (pp. 3-24). Amsterdam: Harwood.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
Borland, R. (2014). Understanding Hard to Maintain Behaviour Change: A Dual Process Approach. Chichester: Wiley.
Carraro, N., & Gaudreau, P. (2013). Spontaneous and experimentally induced action planning and coping planning for physical activity: A meta-analysis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14(2), 228-248. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.10.004
Craciun, C., Schüz, N., Lippke, S., & Schwarzer, R. (2012). A mediator model of sunscreen use: A longitudinal analysis of social-cognitive predictors and mediators. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 19(1), 65-72. doi: 10.1007/s12529-011- 9153-x
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Godin, G., & Kok, G. (1996). The theory of planned behavior: A review of its applications to health-related behaviors. American Journal of Health Promotion, 11(2), 87-97.
Hagger, M. S., & Luszczynska, A. (2014). Implementation intention and action planning interventions in health contexts: State of the research and proposals for the way forward. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 6(1), 1-47. doi: 10.1111/aphw.12017
Kwasnicka, D., Presseau, J., White, M., & Sniehotta, F. F. (2013). Does planning how to cope with anticipated barriers facilitate health-related behaviour change? A systematic review. Health Psychology Review, 7(2), 129-145. doi: 10.1080/17437199.2013.766832
Lhakhang, P., Hamilton, K., Sud, N., Sud, S., Kroon, J., Knoll, N., & Schwarzer, R. (2016). Combining Self-management Cues with Incentives to Promote Interdental Cleaning among Indian Periodontal Disease Outpatients. BMC Oral Health. doi: 10.1186/s12903-016-0164-5
Luszczynska, A., & Schwarzer, R. (2003). Planning and self-efficacy in the adoption and maintenance of breast self-examination: A longitudinal study on self-regulatory cognitions. Psychology and Health, 18(1), 93-108. doi: 10.1080/0887044021000019358
Parschau, L., Barz, M., Richert, J., Knoll, N., Lippke, S., & Schwarzer, R. (2014). Physical Activity among Adults with Obesity: Testing the Health Action Process Approach. Rehabilitation Psychology, 59(1), 42-49. doi: 10.1037/a0035290
Renner, B., & Schupp, H. (2011). The perception of health risks. In H. Friedman (Ed.). The Oxford handbook of health psychology (pp. 639–666). New York: Oxford University Press.
Reyes Fernández, B., Fleig, L., Godinho, C. A., Montenegro-Montenegro, E., Knoll, N., & Schwarzer, R. (2015). Action control bridges the planning-behavior gap: A longitudinal study on physical exercise in young adults. Psychology & Health, 30(8), 911 - 923 . DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2015.1006222
Scholz, U., Schüz, B., Ziegelmann, J.P., Lippke, S., & Schwarzer, R. (2008). Beyond behavioural intentions: planning mediates between intentions and physical activity. British Journal of Health Psychology 13(3),479-494. http://dx.doi. org/10.1348/135910707X216062
Scholz, U., Sniehotta, F. F., & Schwarzer, R. (2005). Predicting physical exercise in cardiac rehabilitation: The role of phase-specific self-efficacy beliefs. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 27(2), 135-151.
Schwarzer, R. (1992). Self-efficacy in the adoption and maintenance of health behaviors: Theoretical approaches and a new model. In R. Schwarzer (Ed.), Self-efficacy: Thought control of action (pp. 217-243). Washington, DC: Hemisphere.
Schwarzer, R. (2008). Modeling health behavior change: How to predict and modify the adoption and maintenance of health behaviors. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 57(1), 1-29. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-0597.2007.00325.x
Schwarzer, R. (2015). Health self-regulation, motivational and volitional aspects of. In J. D. Wright (Editor-in-chief), International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences (2nd ed., Vol. 10., pp. 710–715). Oxford: Elsevier.
Schwarzer, R. (2016). Coping planning as an intervention component: A commentary. Psychology & health, 1-4.
Schwarzer, R., Antoniuk, A., & Gholami, M. (2015). A brief intervention changing oral self-care, self-efficacy, and self-monitoring. British Journal of Health Psychology, 20(1), 56–67. doi: 10.1111/ bjhp.12091
Schwarzer, R., & Luszczynska, A. (2015). Health Action Process Approach. In M. Conner, & P. Norman (Eds.), Predicting health behaviours (pp.252-278). 3rd edition. Maidenhead, UK: McGraw Hill Open University Press.
Schwarzer, R., & Renner, B. (2000). Social-cognitive predictors of health behavior: Action self-efficacy and coping self-efficacy. Health Psychology, 19, 487-495.
Sniehotta, F. F., Nagy, G., Scholz, U., & Schwarzer, R. (2006). The role of action control in implementing intentions during the first weeks of behaviour change. British Journal of Social Psychology, 45(1), 87-106.
Sniehotta, F. F., Schwarzer, R., Scholz, U., & Schüz, B. (2005). Action planning and coping planning for long-term lifestyle change: Theory and assessment. European Journal of Social Psychology, 35(4), 565- 576. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.258
Zhou, G., Gan, Y., Ke, Q., Knoll, N., Lonsdale, C., & Schwarzer, R. (2016). Avoiding exposure to air pollution by using filtering facemask respirators: An application of the Health Action Process Approach. Health Psychology, 35(2), 141-147. doi: 10.1037/ hea0000264