Evaluation of Ratana grass (Ischaemum indicum Houtt.) silage with three different kinds additives.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/am.v25i2.15435Keywords:
silage with molasses, ground corn in silage, citrus pulp in silage.Abstract
The objective of the present work, was to evaluate the characteristics of the fermentation process of Ratana Grass (Ischaemum indicum Houtt.) and the quality of the ensilage produced, when three different additives were added. The experiment was carried out at Limón, Costa Rica, between the months of July and December, at an area located 249 m.a.s.l., with a mean temperature of 24.5 °C and 4577.2 mm of rain distributed mainly between May and December. A randomized complete block design, with four repetitions and nine treatments was used with the following additives: soilage with molasses, ground corn or dehydrated citrus pulp on three orthogonal levels of addition. Molasses and dehydrated citrus pulp produced the most important losses (p<0.05) with fresh matter reductions of 13.27% and 14.42% respectively; while the treatments with ground corn reported 11.68% of fresh matter losses. No differences were obtained (p>0.05) for dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose and ashes percentages on any treatment. Crude protein (CP), cellulose and ether extract (EE) differed according to the amount of additive used (p<0.05). pH levels found were statistically lower for the molasses treatments (4.84), compared to the ground corn (5.10) or dehydrated citrus pulp (5.02) treatments. Finally, all analyzed treatments showed organoleptic characteristics corresponding to good quality silages.Downloads
References
AOAC (Association of Analytical Communities) 2000. Official methods of analysis. 17th ed. Washington DC., Estados Unidos.
Araujo-Febres, O., A. Márquez-Araque, O. Ferrer, y A. Pirela. 1996. Evaluación cualitativa de silaje de pasto elefante enano (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) a diferentes edades de corte y adicionando urea y melaza. Rev Fac Agron (LUZ): 13:371-380.
Arosemena, E., D.A. Pezo, D.L. Kass, y P.J. Argel. 1996. Requerimientos externos e internos de fósforo en pasto ratana (Ischaemum indicum (Houtt.) Merrill) y Brachiaria brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf. Revista Pasturas Tropicales 18(1):34-40.
Bergamaschine, A.F., M. Passipiéri, W.V. Veriano, O.J. Isepon, y L.D. Almeida-Correa. 2006. Qualidade e valor nutritivo de silagens de capim-marandu (B. brizantha cv. Marandu) produzidas com aditivos ou forragem emurchecida. R Bras Zootec 35(4):1454-1462.
Betancourt, M., I. González, y M. Martínez. 2005. Evaluación de la calidad de los ensilajes. Revista Digital CENIAP HOY 8:1-5.
Bolsen, K.K., G. Ashbell, y Z.G. Wienberg. 1996. Silage fermentation and silage additives. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 9(5):483-493.
Botega, V., J. Cardoso, A.R. Evangelista, H. César, P. Figueiredo, C.L. Da-Silva, y R.F. De-Lima. 2009. Efeitos da compactação, da inclusão de aditivo absorvente e do emurchecimento na composição bromatológica de silagens de Capim-Tanzânia. R. Bras. Zootec. 38:40-49.
Ferrari-Junior, E., V.T. Paulino, R.A. Possenti, y T.L. Lucenas. 2009. Aditivos em silagem de capim Elefante Paraíso (Pennisetum hybridum cv. Paraíso). Arch. Zootecn. 58:185-194.
Garcés, A.M., L. Berrio, S. Ruíz, J.G. Serna, y A.F. Builes. 2004. Ensilaje como fuente de alimentación para el ganado. Rev. Lasallista Investig. 1 (001):66-71.
Goering, H.K., y P.J. Van-Soest. 1970. Forage fiber analysis (apparatus, reagents, procedures and some applications). Washington DC., Estados Unidos.
Huisden, C.M., A.T. Adesogan, S.C. Kim, y T. Ososanya. 2009. Effect of applying molasses or inoculants containing homofermentative or heterofermentative bacteria at two rates on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage. J. Dairy Sci. 92:690-697.
Lara, J. 2011. Aditivos para el mejoramiento del ensilaje forrajero. Trabajo presentado para obtener el título de Médico Veterinario Zootecnista. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Michoacán, México.
López, M., R. Wingching-Jones, y A. Rojas-Bourrillón. 2009. Características fermentativas y nutricionales del ensilaje de rastrojo de piña (Ananas comosus). Agron. Costarricense 33(1):1-15.
Maza, L., O. Vergara, y E. Paternina. 2011. Evaluación química y organoléptica del ensilaje de Maralfalfa (Pennisetum sp.) más yuca fresca (Manihot esculenta). Rev MVZ Córdoba 16:2528-2537.
Mazza, P.E., L.M. Oliveira, R. Weldert, R. Passini, y P. Marques. 2005. Efeito da adição de níveis crescentes de polpa cítrica sobre a qualidade fermentativa e o valor nutritivo da silagem de Capim-Elefante. R. Bras. Zootec. 34:1138-1145.
Mazza, P.H., J.R. Lobo, E.J. Alves, L.F. Onofre, P. Marques, y J.J. Assumpção. 2007. Efeito da inclusão de polpa cítrica peletizada na confecção de silagem de Capim- Elefante (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum.). R. Bras. Zootec. 36:1751-1760.
NRC (National Research Council.) 2001. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. 7 rev. ed. Washington DC., USA.
Ng, T.T. 1972. Comparative responses of some tropical
grasses to fertiliser nitrogen in Sarawak and Malaysia. Trop. Grassl. 6(3):229-236.
Nisa, M., M.A. Shahzad, M. Sarwar, y N.A. Tauqir. 2008. Influence of additives and fermentation periods on silage characteristics, chemical composition, and in situ digestion kinetics of Jambo silage and its fodder in Nili buffalo bulls. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 32(2):67-72.
Ojeda, F., I. Montejo, y O. López. 2006. Estudio de la calidad fermentativa de la morera y la hierba de guinea ensiladas en diferentes proporciones. Revista Pastos y Forrajes 29:1-9.
Pereira, R. C., V.L. Banys, A.C. Silva, y R.G.A. Pereira. 1999. Adição de polpa cítrica peletizada na ensilagem de capimelefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) cv. Cameroon. Rev. Univ. Alfenas 5:147-152.
Qamar, M. 2009. Effect of molasses and corn as silage additives on the characteristics of Mott Dwarf Elephant grass silage at different fermentation periods. Pak. Vet. J. 29:19-23.
Reyes, N., B. Mendieta, T. Fariñas, M. Mena, J. Cardona, y D. Pezo. 2009. Elaboración y utilización de ensilajes en la alimentación del ganado bovino. CATIE, Managua, Nicaragua.
SAS Institute. 1985. SAS user’s guide: Statistics. Version 5 ed. SAS Inst., Cary, NC, USA.
Sánchez, J.M., L. Piedra, y H. Soto. 1998. Calidad nutricional de los forrajes en zonas con niveles bajos de produccion de leche, en la zona norte de Costa Rica. Agron. Costarricense 22(1):69-76.
Sánchez, J.M., y H. Soto. 1999. Calidad nutricional de los forrajes de una zona con niveles medios de producción de leche, en el trópico húmedo del norte de Costa Rica. Agron. Costarricense 23(2):165-171.
Santos, M.V.F., A.G. Gómez, J.M. Perea, A. García, A. Guim, y M. Pérez. 2010. Fatores que afetam o valor nutritivo da silagens de forrageiras tropicais. Arch. Zootecn. 59:25-43.
Steel, R., y J. Torrie. 1988. Bioestadística: principios y procedimientos. México DF, México.
Suárez, R., J. Mejía, M. González, D.E. García, y D.A. Perdomo. 2011. Evaluación de ensilajes mixtos de Saccharum officinarum y Gliricidia sepium con la utilización de aditivos. Revista Pastos y Forrajes 34:69-86.
Van-Soest, P.J., J.B. Robetson, y B.A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3583-3597.
Villarreal, M. 1992. Evaluación comparativa de Ratana (lschaemum ciliare) como especie forrajera. Agron. Costarricense 16(1):37-44.
Villareal, M. 2010. Respuesta del pasto Ratana (Ischaemun indicum) a la fertilización nitrogenada. http://corfoga.org/2012/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Respuestadel-Pasto-Retana-a-la-Fertilizacion-Nitrogenada-MAG-ITCR-CORFOGA.pdf. (Consultado 24 enero 2013).
Wattiaux, M. s.f. Introducción al proceso de ensilaje. http://babcock.wisc.edu/sites/default/files/documents/productdownload/du_502.es_.pdf (Consultado 23 enero 2013).
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
1. Proposed policy for open access journals
Authors who publish in this journal accept the following conditions:
a. Authors retain the copyright and assign to the journal the right to the first publication, with the work registered under the attribution, non-commercial and no-derivative license from Creative Commons, which allows third parties to use what has been published as long as they mention the authorship of the work and upon first publication in this journal, the work may not be used for commercial purposes and the publications may not be used to remix, transform or create another work.
b. Authors may enter into additional independent contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the article published in this journal (e.g., including it in an institutional repository or publishing it in a book) provided that they clearly indicate that the work was first published in this journal.
c. Authors are permitted and encouraged to publish their work on the Internet (e.g. on institutional or personal pages) before and during the review and publication process, as it may lead to productive exchanges and faster and wider dissemination of published work (see The Effect of Open Access).
