Ryegrass and clover establishment and production in two regions of the Colombian’s highlands

Authors

  • Juan de Jesús Vargas- Martínez Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria
  • Andrea Sierra-Alarcón Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (CORPOICA).
  • Juan Benavidez-Cruz Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (CORPOICA).
  • Yesid Avellaneda-Avellaneda Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (CORPOICA).
  • Claudia Ariza-Nieto Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (CORPOICA).

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15517/ma.v29i1.28077

Keywords:

dairy cattle, agro-pastoral system, feed crops.

Abstract

Colombian dairy systems are based on grasslands; therefore, it is necessary to define forages response under different environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the establishment and production of five perennial ryegrass and three clovers into two regions of Colombian highlands (Tuta, Boyacá and Mosquera, Cundinamarca). Three 8 m2 plots of each species were established. Establishment variables were evaluated twice a month during the initial five months. The variables of production and nutritional quality were evaluated in rainy (April and May) and drought (June and July) season. The variables were analyzed through a randomized complete block with repeated measures, between November 2015 and July 2016. During the establishment period, ryegrass and clovers coverage and adaptation degree were greater between the days 45 and 60, and 105 and 150, in Tuta and Mosquera, respectively. Maturity increase reduced the lactation net energy (between 7% and 15%) and increased the daily dry matter production per hectare (between 20 and 78 kg). Evaluation day presented a greater influence regarding the variety and the rainy season on the evaluated establishment and regarding the production variables in ryegrass and clover forages, in the Colombian highlands.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Juan de Jesús Vargas- Martínez, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria

Zootecnista, Master en Producción Animal. Trabajo en el área de nutrición de rumiantes con énfasis en sistemas de aliementación que propendan por aumentar la eficiencia de producción y disminuyan el impacto sobre el ambiente

References

Adams, R.S. 1994. Regression equations for estimating energy values of various feeds. In: V. Ishler et al., editors, From feed to milk: understanding rumen function. Extension circular No. 422, Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA. http://www.dairyweb.ca/Resources/USWebDocs/RumenFunction.pdf (accessed 12 Jan. 2017).

Akmal, M., and M.J.J. Janssens. 2004. Productivity and light use efficiency of perennial ryegrass with contrasting water and nitrogen supplies. Field Crop Res. 88:143-155. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2003.12.004

Amézquita, M.C. 2008. Captura de carbono en sistemas de pasturas y silvopastoriles en cuatro ecosistemas de América tropical vulnerables al cambio climático. Documento de políticas públicas 27. Foro Nacional Ambiental, Bogotá, COL. http://www.foronacionalambiental.org.co/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/PolicyPaperFna-027.pdf (accessed 12 Jan. 2017).

Barker, D.J., J.A. Lancashire, S.C. Maloney, N. Dymock, D.R. Stevens, J.D. Turner, D. Scott, and W.J. Archie. 1993. Introduction, production, and persistence of five grass species in dry hill country. New Zeal. J. Agr. Res. 36:29-39. doi: 10.1080/00288233.1993.10427486

Beecher, M., D. Hennessy, T.M. Boland, M. McEvoy, M. O´Donovan, and E. Lewis. 2013. The variation in morphology of perennial ryegrass cultivars throughout the grazing season and effects on organic matter digestibility. Grass Forage Sci. 70:19-29. doi:10.1111/gfs.12081

Bernal, J.E. 1998. Fertilización de pastos mejorados. En: R. Guerrero, editor, Fertilización de cultivos en clima frío. Saenz y Cia Ltda., Bogotá, COL.

Black, A.D., A.S. Laidlaw, D.J. Moot, and P. O´Kiely. 2009. Comparative growth and management of white and red clovers. Irish J. Agr. Food Res. 48:149-166.

Carulla, J.E., y E. Ortega. 2016. Sistemas de producción lechera en Colombia: retos y oportunidades. Arch. Latinoam. Prod. Anim. 24:83-87.

Castro, E., J.E. Mojica, J.M. León, J.E. Carulla, E.A. Cárdenas, y M.L. Pabón. 2008. Productividad de pasturas y producción de leche bovina bajo pastoreo de gramínea y gramínea + Lotus uliginosus en Mosquera, Cundinamarca. Rev. Med. Vet. Zoot. 55:9-21.

Chapman, D.F., B.D. Campbell, and P.S. Harris. 1985. Establishment of ryegrass, cocksfoot, and White clover by over-sowing in hill country. New Zeal. J. Agr. Res. 28:177-189. doi:10.1080/00288233.1985.10420927

Chaves, A.V., G.C. Waghorn, I.A. Brookes, and D.R. Woodfield. 2006. Effect of maturation and initial harvest dates on the nutritive characteristics of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 127:293-318. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.08.015

CIAT. 1982. Manual para la evaluación agronómica. Red Internacional de Evaluación de Pastos Tropicales (RIEPT). CIAT, Cali, COL.

Cuesta, P.A. 2005. Fundamentos de manejo de praderas para mejorar la productividad de la ganadería del trópico colombiano. Rev. Corpoica 6(2):5-13. doi:10.21930/rcta.vol6_num2_art:42

Cuesta, P.A. 2008. Evaluación y selección de nuevas especies forrajeras para mejorar la eficiencia de los sistemas ganaderos de leche de trópico alto colombiano. Produmedios, Bogotá, COL.

Cunningham, P.J., M.J. Blumenthal, M.W. Anderson, K.S. Prakash, and A. Leonforte. 1994. Perennial ryegrass improvement in Australia. New Zeal. J. Agr. Res. 37:295-310. doi:10.1080/00288233.1994.9513068

DairyNZ. 2010. Facts and figures for New Zealand dairy farmers. Hamilton, NZ. https://www.dairynz.co.nz/publications/dairyindustry/facts-and-figures/ (accessed 12 Jan. 2017).

Gerber, P.J., H. Steinfeld, B. Henderson, A. Mottet, C. Opio, J. Dijkman, A. Falcucci, and G. Tempio. 2013. Tackling climate change through livestock – A global assessment of emissions and mitigation opportunities. FAO Roma, ITA. http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3437e/i3437e.pdf (accessed 12 Jan. 2017).

Godin, B., R. Agneessens, J. Delcarte, and P. Dardenne. 2015. Prediction of chemical characteristics of fibrous plant biomasses from their near infrared spectrum: comparing local versus partial least square models and cross-validationversus independent validations. J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. 23:1-14. doi:10.1255/jnirs.1138

Goh, K.M., and G.E. Bruce. 2005. Comparison of biomass production and biological nitrogen fixation of multi-species pastures (mixed herb leys) with perennial ryegrass-white clover pasture with and without irrigation in Canterbury, New Zealand. Agr. Ecosyst. Environ. 110:230-240. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2005.04.005

Harris, W. 1973. Ryegrass genotype-environment interactions in response to density, cutting height, and competition with white clover. New Zeal. J. Agr. Res. 16:207-222. doi:10.1080/00288233.10421138

Hoekstra, A.Y., A.K. Chapagain, M.M. Aldaya, and M.M. Mekonnen. 2011. The water footprint manual. Setting the global standard. Earthscan publishes, London, GBR. http://waterfootprint.org/media/downloads/TheWaterFootprintAssessmentManual_2.pdf (accessed 12 Jan. 2017).

IDEAM (Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales). 2016. Reporte meteorológico. IDEAM, Bogotá, COL.

IDEAM (Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales), PNUD, MADS (Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenibles), DNP (Departamento Nacional de Planeación) y Cancillería. 2015. Escenarios de cambio climático para precipitación y temperatura en Colombia 2011-2100. Herramientas científicas para la toma de decisiones. Estudio técnico completo: Tercera comunicación nacional de cambio climático. Unatintamedios, Bogotá, COL. http://modelos.ideam.gov.co/media/dynamic/escenarios/escenarios-de-cambio-climatico-2015.pdf (accessed 12 Jan. 2017).

Lee, J.M., S.L. Woodward, G.C. Waghorn, and D.A. Clark. 2004. Methane emissions by dairy cows fed increasing proportions of white clover (Trifolium repens) in pasture. Proc. New Zeal. Grassland Assoc. 66:151-155.

Murgueitio, E., J.D. Chará, A.J. Solarte, F. Uribe, C. Zapata, y J.E. Rivera. 2013. Agroforestería pecuaria y sistemas silvopastoriles intensivos (SSPi) para la adaptación ganadera al cambio climático. Rev. Col. Cienc. Pecu. 26:313-316.

Posada, S., J.M. Cerón, J. Arenas, J.F. Hamdet, and A. Alvarez. 2013. Evaluation of ryegrass (Lolium sp.) establishment in kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) paddocks using zero tillage. Rev. CES Med. Zootec. 8:26-35.

Rao, I., M. Peters, A. Castro, R. Schultze-Kraft, D. White, M. Fisher, J. Miles, C. Lascano, M. Blümmel, D. Bungenstab, J. Tapasco, G. Hyman, A. Bolliger, B. Paul, R. van-der-Hoek, B. Maass, T. Tiemann, M. Cuchillo, S. Douxchamps, C. Villanueva, A. Rincón, M. Ayarza, T. Rosenstock, G. Subbarao, J. Arango, J. Cardoso, M. Worthington, N. Chirinda, A: Notenbaert, A. Jenet, A. Schmidt, N. Vivas, R. Lefroy, K. Fahrney, E. Guimarães, J. Tohme, S. Cook, M. Herrero, M. Chacón, T. Searchinger, and T Rudel. 2015. LivestockPlus - The sustainable intensification of forage-based agricultural systems to improve livelihoods and ecosystems services in the tropics. Trop. Grasslands 3:59-82. doi:10.17138/TGFT(3)59-82

Reed, K.F.M. 1996. Improving the adaptation of perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, phalaris, and cocksfoot for Australia. New Zeal. J. Agr. Res. 39:457-464. doi:10.1080/00288233.1996.9513207

Reynolds, S., and J. Frame. 2005. Grasslands: developments, opportunities, perspectives. FAO, and Science Publisher Inc., Eifield, USA.

Rudel, T.K., B. Paul, D. White, I.M. Rao, R. Van-Der Hoek, A. Castro, M. Boval, A. Lerner, L. Schineider, and M. Peters. 2015. LivestockPlus: Forages, sustainable intensification, and food security in the tropics. Ambio. 44:685-693. doi:10.1007/s13280-015-0676-2

SAS. 2004. SAS/STAT® 9.1 User´s guide. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.

Smit, H.J., B.M. Tas, H.Z. Taweel, S. Tamminga, and A. Elgersma. 2005. Effects of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars on herbage production, nutritional quality and herbage intake of grazing dairy cows. Grass Forage Sci. 60:297-309. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.2005.00480.x

Steinfeld, H., P. Gerber, T. Wassenaar, V. Castel, M. Rosales, and C. Dehaan. 2006. Livestock’s long shadow – Environmental issues and options. FAO, Rome, ITA. http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/a0701e/a0701e00.HTM (accessed 12 Jan. 2017).

Sun, X.Z., G.C. Waghorn, and H. Clark. 2010. Cultivar and age of regrowth effects on physical, chemical and in sacco degradation kinetics of vegetative perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. 155:172-185. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.12.004

Tas, B.M., H.Z. Taweel, H.J. Smit, A. Elgersma, J. Dijkstra, and S. Tamminga. 2006. Rumen degradation characteristics of perennial ryegrass cultivars during the growing season. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. 131:102-119. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.02.002

Tobar, D.E., y M. Ibrahim. 2008. Valor de los sistemas silvopastoriles para conservar la biodiversidad en fincas y paisajes ganaderos en América Central. CATIE, Turrialba, CRC. http://repositorio.bibliotecaorton.catie.ac.cr/bitstream/handle/11554/4288/Valor_de_los_sistemas_silvopastoriles.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (accessed 12 Jan. 2017).

Turner, L.R., M.M. Holloway, R.P. Rawnsley, D.J. Donaghy, and K.G. Pembleton. 2012. The morphological and physiological response of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.; syn. Shendonorus phoenix Scop.) to variable water availability. Grass Forage Sci. 67:507-518.

Vaseva, I., Y. Akiscan, K. Demirevska, I. Anders, and U. Feller. 2011. Drought stress tolerance of red and white clover-comparative analysis of some chaperonins and dehydrins. Sci. Hort. 130:653-659. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2011.08.021

Villalobos, L., y J.M. Sánchez. 2010. Evaluación agronómica y nutricional del pasto ryegrass perenne tetraploide (Lolium perenne) producido en lecherías de las zonas altas de Costa Rica: I. Producción de biomasa y fenología. Agron. Costarricense. 34:31-42.

Vipond, J.E., G. Swift, A.T. Cleland, J. Fitzsimons, and E.A. Hunter. 1997. A comparison of diploid and tetraploid perennial ryegrass and tetraploid ryegrass/white clover swards under continuous sheep stocking at controlled sward heights. 3. Sward characteristics and animal output, years 4-8. Grass Forage Sci. 52:99-10. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2494.1997.00059.x

Published

2018-01-01

How to Cite

Vargas- Martínez, J. de J., Sierra-Alarcón, A., Benavidez-Cruz, J., Avellaneda-Avellaneda, Y., & Ariza-Nieto, C. (2018). Ryegrass and clover establishment and production in two regions of the Colombian’s highlands. Agronomía Mesoamericana, 29(1), 177–191. https://doi.org/10.15517/ma.v29i1.28077

Most read articles by the same author(s)