Densidad poblacional alta en arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft) aumenta la intercepción de la radiación, el rendimiento y la rentabilidad

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15517/am.v32i2.43281

Palabras clave:

densidad de plantas, índice de área foliar, sistemas de siembra, competencia intraespecífica, optimización de métodos

Resumen

Introducción. La arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft) es un cultivo promisorio por su relevancia nutricional y gastronómica. La densidad poblacional es una práctica agronómica que aumenta la eficiencia del uso para la arracacha la selección de la densidad poblacional óptima basada en criterios fisiológicos, agronómicos y económicos. Objetivo. Describir el efecto de diferentes densidades poblacionales sobre la fisiología, el rendimiento y la rentabilidad de la arracacha. Materiales y métodos. El experimento se realizó en Cajamarca-Colombia durante el 2019. Allí se evaluó el potencial hídrico del suelo, y en arracacha el contenido relativo de clorofila, la fotosíntesis, la conductancia estomática, la eficiencia en el uso del agua, la depresión de la temperatura de la hoja, el índice de reflectancia fotosintética, el índice de área foliar, la fracción de intercepción de luz, el coeficiente de extinción de luz, el índice de agrietamiento, el rendimiento y la rentabilidad. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron que las altas densidades poblacionales no generaron déficit hídrico porque no hubo diferencias significativas en el potencial hídrico del suelo, la depresión de la temperatura foliar y el índice de reflectancia fotosintética. Además, no se evidenciaron deficiencias nutricionales porque el contenido relativo de clorofila (<32 SPAD) fue mayor al nivel crítico. Debido a esto, no se observaron limitaciones en los procesos de intercambio de gases. Sin embargo, las densidades de 25 000 y
30 000 plantas ha-1 mostraron una mayor fracción de intercepción de luz debido al aumento del índice de área foliar; esto permitió obtener un mayor rendimiento a estas densidades. Conclusión. El máximo rendimiento (41,96 t ha-1) y rentabilidad (US$ 15 333,06 ha-1), se alcanzaron con una densidad poblacional de 22 222 plantas ha-1.

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Publicado

2021-05-01

Cómo citar

Quevedo Amaya, Y. M., Villamil Carvajal, J. E., Garnica Montaña, J. P., Montenegro Ramos, O., & Barragán Quijano, E. (2021). Densidad poblacional alta en arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft) aumenta la intercepción de la radiación, el rendimiento y la rentabilidad. Agronomía Mesoamericana, 32(2), 399–421. https://doi.org/10.15517/am.v32i2.43281